Lead-in Questions,Learning Objectives,Unit 1 Words and Phrases,Correct Uses of Words,Terse Uses of Words,Precise Uses of words,Identification ofPhrases,Key to Exercises,How many words do you know?,How many words can you use in writing practice?,Lead-in Questions,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,After learning this unit, you will be able to: 1. learn the correct usages of words; 2. master the distinction of similar words; and, 3. use the types of phrases.,Learning Objectives,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Correct uses of words mean to be grammatically correct in word usage, which mainly includes accidence（词法）, collocation and tenses.,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,1. The singular and plural forms of a special group of nouns,These nouns can be both countable and uncountable, and have different meanings in these two cases.,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Wood Furniture made of wood is good for health. 木质家具有益健康。（wood: 木材） He lived in a wood and depended on himself. 他住在一个小树林里，自给自足。（a wood: 树林，森林，林地）,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Copper The copper wires are good conductors. 铜线是很好的导体。（copper: 铜） He has collected more than one hundred valuable coppers from the country. 他已从那个国家搜集了一百多枚铜币。（copper: 一枚铜币）,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Rubber The sole of the shoe is made of rubber. 鞋底是橡胶做的。（rubber: 橡胶） Please erase the mistakes with a rubber. 请用橡胶擦掉错误的地方。（rubber: 橡皮）,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Justice They are demanding equal rights and justice. 他们在要求平等权利和公正。（justice: 公正） He is a justice in the Supreme Court. 他是最高法院的法官。（justice: 法官）,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Youth He has been a talented musician in his youth. 他年轻时很有音乐天才。（youth: 青年时期） The fight was started by a gang of youths. 这场打斗是一伙青年挑起来的。（youth: 青年男子）,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Brass The frying pan is made of brass. 那个煎锅是黄铜做的。（brass: 黄铜） He likes a brass more than the other musical instruments. 他喜欢铜管乐器胜过喜欢其它的乐器。（brass: 铜管乐器）,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,2. Abstract nouns,These nouns can be both countable and Abstract nouns in English may derive from adjectives or verbs. They form a very important part in English, a language which puts much emphasis on nouns. , and have different meanings in these two cases.,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,ambitious ambition Ambitious people usually have very high aims, but their ambition will be changed to despair when they are bogged down in difficulties. 雄心勃勃的人通常都有很高的目标，但是当陷入困境时，他们的雄心很容易转化成绝望。,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,cautious caution He is a cautious man and does everything with great caution. 他是一个谨慎的人，做什么都小心。,reject rejection The boss rejected the clerks demand for a raise of salary, but didnt expect that his rejection led to the final strike. 老板拒绝了职员们加薪的请求，但是没有想到他的拒绝导致了最后的罢工。,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,intend intention I intend to give you a lesson, but it is not my intention to quarrel with you. 我打算给你个教训，但是和你吵架并不是我的目的。,grateful gratitude I am very grateful to your kindness, and my gratitude is beyond words. 十分感谢你的善良，我的感激无法言语。,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,3. Collective nouns,When collective nouns serve as the subject, the verb can be in plural or singular form. When the collective noun emphasizes the concept of “the whole”, the verb should be in singular form. When the collective noun refers to the members of the collectivity, the verb should be in plural form.,Correct Uses of words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Staff The diligent staff are all working hard displaying their spirit. 那群勤奋的人都努力展示他们的精神。 The nursing staff was sent to the frontier. 全体护士都被派往了前线。,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,Family The family is a happy one. 这是一个幸福的家庭。 The family are all very fat. 这个家里的所有人都很胖。,Crew The crew were all hurt. 全体人员都受伤了。 The crew was praised by the chairman. 全体机组受到了主席的表扬。,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing,4. Synonyms,In English, there are abundant synonyms. Proper use of synonyms can avoid unnecessary repetition, make the language more vivid and diverse, reflect the subtle difference between things, and meet the need of style and rhetoric.,Correct Uses of Words,Part Basic Elements of English Writing, When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English, I anticipated another cheerless year in that most tedious of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a reputation among students for dullness and inability to inspire. He was said to be formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. This title produced an extraordinary sequence of mental images. Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when All the good humor of Uncle Allens house re-awoke in my mind a