,Chapter 3 Financial Statements 财务报表,Part 1 Accounting Principle会计原理,Motivation,P23, mini case- investment in equity securities What useful information would you expect to find in the statements of financial position, the income statements, statements of changes in equity, and the statements of cash flows?,A complete set of financial statements comprise （IAS 1, par 10）： Statement of Financial Position 财务状况表 Statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income for the period; 损益和其他综合收益表 Statement of Changes in Equity所有者权益变动表 Statement of Cash Flows现金流量表 Notes 附注 A statement of financial position as at the beginning of the preceding period（前期财务状况表重述，仅在需要时提供）,Chapter 3 Financial Statements,3.1 Statement of Financial Position 财务状况表（资产负债表） 3.2 Statement of Comprehensive Income 综合收益表 3.3 Statement of Changes in Equity所有者权益变动表 3.4 Statement of Cash Flows现金流量表,Chapter 3 Financial Statements,3.1.1 Classification of Assets and Liabilities Current or Noncurrent? Current means “one year or less than the normal course of the entitys operating cycle” . The operating cycle is the average time between the acquisition of materials for processing and their realization in cash or cash equivalents.,3.1 Statement of Financial Position,3.1.1 Classification of Assets and Liabilities,3.1 Statement of Financial Position,Current Assets 流动资产 Cash 现金、货币资金 Receivables 应收款项 Short-term investments短期投资 Inventories 存货 Other current assets Non-current Assets 非流动资产 Property, plant and equipment 固定资产 Intangible assets无形资产 Investments 投资 Other non-current assets,3.1.1 Classification of Assets and Liabilities,3.1 Statement of Financial Position,Current Liabilities 流动负债 Accounts payable 应付账款 Short-term notes payable 应付票据 Wages payable 应付工资 Taxes payable 应交税金 Non-Current Liabilities 长期负债 Long-term borrowings 长期借款 Bonds 应付债券 Mortgages 抵押借款,3.1.2 Classification of Equity Corporation: stockholders equity Share capital Retained earnings Sole proprietorship: a single capital account Partnership：capital accounts are established for each partner,3.1 Statement of Financial Position,3.1 Statement of Financial Position,3.1.3 Format of Statement of Financial Position Report form Assets $xxx Liabilities $xxx Stockholders equity xxx Total liabilities and stockholders equity $xxx Account form,P25, P38 exercise 2,3.2 Statement of Comprehensive Income,IASB requires an entity to present a single statement of comprehensive income, or two statements: separate income statement, a statement beginning with profit or loss and displaying components of other comprehensive income. P26 Classification of expenses IAS1 requires that “an entity shall present an analysis of expenses using a classification based on either the nature of expenses or their function within the entity, whichever provides information that is reliable and more relevant”.,Classification of expenses The nature of expense method RevenueX Other incomeX Changes in inventories of finished goods and work in progressX Raw materials and consumables usedX Employee benefits costsX Depreciation and amortization expenseX Other expensesX Total expenses(X) Profit before tax X,3.2 Statement of Comprehensive Income,Classification of expenses The function of expense method RevenueX Cost of sales(X) Gross profitX Other incomeX Distribution costs(X) Administrative expenses(X) Other expenses(X) Profit before tax X,3.2 Statement of Comprehensive Income,3.2 Statement of Comprehensive Income,P27, P28 Format of income statement: single-step, multiple-step,3.3 Statement of Changes in Equity,Major information- on the face (a) total comprehensive income for the period; (b) for each component of equity, the effects of retrospective application or retrospective restatement recognized in accordance; and (c) for each component of equity, a reconciliation between the carrying amount at the beginning and the end of the period, separately disclosing changes resulting from: profit or loss; other comprehensive income; and transactions with owners.,3.3 Statement of Changes in Equity,Other items - either on the face or in the notes (a) an analysis of other comprehensive income by item for each component of equity; and (b) the amount of dividends recognized as distributions to owners during the period, and the related amount of dividends per share. P29: items, and illustrative statement,3.4.1 Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash: cash on hand, demand deposits Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments that are (1) readily convertible to known amounts of cash, and (2) so near to their maturity (original maturity of three months or less) that they present insignificant risk of changes in value.,3.4 Statement of Cash Flows,3.4.2 Three Categories of Cash Flows investing activities: purchase and sale of assets not generally held for resale purchase and sale of financial instruments not intended for trading making and collecting of loans Financing activities: obtain cash from or repay to owners (equity finan