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Module 6 The Internet and Telecommunications,Grammar1,Compound words,合成名词常见的构成方法,1) n. + n.,pen friend, classroom, newspaper, water-bottle,2) adj. + n.,green house, blackboard, highway, long-jump,3) v-ing + n.,waiting-room, swimming pool, washing machine, dining room, writing desk, sleeping pills,4) v. + n.,pick-pocket, speak box,5) n. + v-ing,hand-writing, sun-bathing,6) v. + adv.,warm-up, make-up, break-in, get-together,7) adv. + n.,overcoat, by-stander, outbreak,8)其他,go-between, forget-me-not, good-for-nothing,复合形容词的常见构成方法,1) adj. +n. + ed,cold-blooded, warm-hearted, short-sighted, old-fashioned,2) adj. + v-ing,good-looking, easy-going, long-lasting,3) adv + v-ing,hard-working, well-meaning, far-reaching,4) n. + v-ing,English-speaking, peace-loving, heart-breaking,5) n. + v-ed,man-made, state-owned, heart-felt, heartbroken,6) adv. + v-ed,well-known, wide-spread,7) adj. + v-ed,warm-hearted, ready-made,8) n. + adj.,self-satisfied, duty-free,Look at Activity 2 in the textbook. Make compound words.,POSSIBLE ANSWER:,Grammar2,The definite article and zero article,定冠词the的用法,1. 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,The book on the desk is mine.,She is the girl who won the prize.,2. 指上文已出现过或者说话者刚才谈及的人或事物,An old man lived in a small house near a forest. One day the old man left the house and went into the forest to gather wood.,3. 表示世界上独一无二的事物,The sun is bigger than the moon.,4. 用于单数可数名词或形容词前, 表示一类人或事物的整体,Take care of the wounded and the old.,5. 可以和某些集合名词连用,表示整个民族、阶级、阶层等,The English have a wonderful sense of humor.,The Chinese people are the greatest in the world.,6. 船只、旅馆、 剧院、 建筑 以及某些著作、 乐曲、 报刊等的名词前常加定冠词,The Peoples Daily is read through out the whole nation.,7. 用于江、 河、 海洋、 山脉、 群岛、 海峡、海湾等专有名称前,the Yellow River, the English channel, the Taiwan Straits, the Indian Ocean, the Philippines,8. 用于姓的复数前, 指全家或全家一些人,the Zhangs, the Smiths, the Whites.,9. 由普通名词构成的专有名词(某些国名、政治组织、 机构、学校、 建筑、 报刊杂志等) 很多要加定冠词,1) 某些国名及政治组织名称,the United States, the United Nations, the House of Commons,2) 某些学校、机构及建筑等名称,the British Museum, the Midland Bank,3) 某些报刊杂志的名称,the New Times, the Washington Post, the Daily News,零冠词的用法,1. 一些专有名词前如国名、人名前通常不用定冠词,England, Mary, China,2. 泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词,Women live longer than men in most countries.,3. 抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,Failure is the mother of success.,Life is short, art is long.,4. 物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词,Man cannot live without water.,You cant mix oil with water.,5. 在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词,We go to school from Monday to Friday.,Leaves turn yellow in autumn.,6. 在称呼, 身份, 职业, 或表示官衔, 职位的名词前不加冠词,The guards took the American to General Lee.,Now he is manager of a bank.,7. 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词,What would you like for breakfast, sir?,8. 当by 与火车、 轮船、 飞机等交通工具连用表示一种方式时,中间无冠词,I went to Shanghai by air.,9. 有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词,如: school, college, prison, sea, market, hospital, bed, table, class, town, church, court, work, university 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的 深层含义,go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的).,10. 在daybreak, dawn, noon, midnight, night, sunset, sunrise这类事件名词前都 不加冠词,He used to wake up at daybreak every day.,11. 下面这类名词前通常不加冠词,大多数街名, 广场名(Times Square), 车站, 机场,公园, 桥梁名(London Bridge), 大学名(Yale University), 节日名(National Day, New Years Day), 多数杂志名 (Times, Readers Digest),12. 很多情况下, 是否要加冠词, 常常是一个 习惯用法问题, 特别是在一些固定的词组 中, 有时是说不出的道理,in town in the city 在城里 catch cold have a cold 感冒了 at a distance 在一定距离外 in the distance 在远处,Beyond _ stars the astronaut saw nothing but _ space. A. the, 不填 B. 不填,the C. 不填,不填 D. the, the A。太空中的星体或世界上独一无二的东西前应加定冠词。space作“宇宙空间”解时,也是抽象名词,通常不加冠词。,2. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places. A. the, the B. 不填, 不填 C. the, 不填 D. 不填, the C。in the habit of是习惯用语,正如in the morning, on the other hand一样,其中的定冠词不可或缺。public places是复数名词短语,表示泛指概念,其前面不必用定冠词。,3. Do you know _ lady in blue? Yes. She is a teacher of a university. A. the B. a C. an D. 不填 A。考查the 表示特指的用法。根据题意知道是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那个女士”。,4. After watching _ TV, she played _ violin for an hour. A. 不填,不填 B. the, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填,the D。watch TV是习惯搭配,不必用冠词。表 示乐器的名词前应用定冠词。,5. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries. A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. a, the C。newcomer是单数可数名词,泛指某类人中的一个,要用不定冠词。抽象名词或学科名称前不加任何冠词,chemistry是表示学科的抽象名词,因此前面不加the。,
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