Unit 26,Making Journeys,Unit 26,P100 现在完成时态和一般过去时态的区别,主要从时间状语上来区别,She bought a book on the way to school. She was late for the class this morning. She was born in 1980. I had a good meal this morning.,现在完成时态,I have already(just/never/ever) bought a car. She has not finished his book yet. Great changes have taken place in the past few years. I have been here for twenty years. I have lived in NingBo since 1980,Ago 10 days ago In 1987 When he was young Last year Long long ago One day,Ever Never Already Yet Just In the past few years For 10 years Since last year,by 强调的是到某个时间前某事已经发生，包括这个时间点在内； 而before强调的是在某个时间点之前，不包括这个时间点在内。 till 则是强调动作一直持续到这个时间点为止，有时表示动作或状态持续时间比较长,P100 by/till/until,For example:,Ill be back by three. 我三点以前回来。 It began to rain, just before midnight. 就在午夜前天开始下雨。 They talked till one oclock this morning. 他们一直谈到深夜一点。,注意:not.until,he didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. He wasnt late for class until he lost his watch. He didnt go there until he had something to do .,Tell - told,Tell sb sth tell me a story Tell a lie/a story. Tell sb about sth tell him about that thing Tell sb to do sth/ tell sb not to do sth tell him to finish it Tell sb that,Tom said to me “I want to go”. Tom told me (that )he wanted to go,P93情态动词,Can 能够 I can say my ABC. Can you help me?=could you help me?=what can I do for you? 猜测：he can not be poor.（对否定推测） he must be a doctor.（100%肯定） he may be a student.（不太肯定）,对过去的推测,Must have done 对过去肯定的推测 地是湿的，昨晚肯定下雨了 It must have rained last night,because the ground is wet. he must have left his key in the office.,Can be /do Can I help you? He cant be here. i saw him in the street just now.,Could have done 本能做某事而实际未做;可能做某事，但可能性很小,He could have left early. Tom could have come on time. They could have borrowed money from me yesterday.,Should have done 本应该干某事而实际未干,You should have finished your homework yesterday. He should have repaid my money. Jim should have come to college. I should have come to help you but I was too busy.,I have no idea who stole his wallet.it _ anyone,A. could have been B.should have been C. must have been,P93不定代词,Some something somebody someone I have some friends here. she has some money . Would you like some apples? （疑问句希望得到对方肯定的回答） someone is waiting for you. I have something important to tell you.,Some I have some money I have some friends. Would you like some apples? Any I have not any friends Do you have any questions? You can visit me any time. no I have no friends.,Must have done Should have done Could have done.,Any; anyone; anything ;anybody,Do you have any money? I dont have any books. You can visit me at any time. Anyone can answer this question,because it is very easy. I dont have anything to do .,No;no one;nobody;nothing,I have no money I have not any money. There is no one in the classroom. Nothing is wrong. Nobody can help me. No one can help you. There is nothing wrong with my watch.,注意：不定代词定语后置,You can wear anything you like. I have bought something to eat. He didnt buy anything interesting. I have something important to do .,P95.before/after/while/when,While引导的时间状语从句中的动作或状态往往持续时间比较长 While引导的从句常常用进行时态,While I was watching TV, the telephone rang. 当我正看电视的时候，电话铃响了。,While 也可以用来连接两个同时进行的动作，比如： I was cooking while my husband was writing. 我做饭的时候，我丈夫在写作。,而when引导的从句中的动作往往延续时间比较短 I was just reading the newspaper when the telephone rang. 我正在读报纸时电话铃响了。 当老师进来的时候，学生们正在看电视。 When the teacher came in, the students were watching TV.,meet walk While I was walking in the street, I met him. When the teacher came in, the students were reading a book.,While was/were doing did When did was/were doing While I was reading a book, he came in. When he came in, I was reading a book.,Before/after,_he was born ,his mother had his elder brother. _he graduated from middle school, he joined the army.,二、不定代词和不定副词 1.构成 复合不定代词、副词是由some, any, no，every与thing, one, body, where(副词)构成，但no one例外。例如：something, someone, anyone, anybody, somewhere, nowhere等。 2.明确用法 a.通常情况下，something, somebody,someone, somewhere常用于肯定句；anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere用于否定句和疑问句。但在表示请求、建议、反问等疑问句中，问话者希望得到肯定答复时，常用something, somebody, someone, somewhere。例如： There is something wrong with your eyes.你的眼睛有毛病了。 Is there anything in that box?那盒子里有什么东西吗？ Will you ask someone to carry the box for me?你找人替我扛这箱子好吗？,b.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如： Everything begins to grow in spring.春天万物开始生长。 c.复合不定代词、副词被形容词、动词不定式等修饰时，形容词和动词不定式等应置于不定代词、副词之后。例如： I have something important to tell you.我有些重要的事情告诉你。 d.带有no的复合不定代词、副词相当于not+any的复合不定代词、副词。例如： I saw nothing in the room.=I didnt see anything in the room.我在屋子里什么也没看见。,e.在反意疑问句中，表示人的复合不定代词在陈述句中作主语时，附加疑问句中的主语要用he或they；表示物的复合不定代词在陈述句中作主语时，附加疑问句中的主语要用it。例如： Everybody enjoyed reading the book, didnt he/they?每个人都喜欢看这本书，是吗？ Everything goes well, doesnt it?一切顺利，是吗？ 3、注意转换 运用复合不定代词、副词时还应注意否定句与肯定句的转换。例如： Theres nobody there. = There isnt anybody there,三、there be 句型 (P111) There be句型：there be句型是含有be动词的一个重要句型。其结构如下：there + be动词 + 名词 + 地点状语