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1 Module 9 Friendship 词汇精讲 1. separate (1)separate作形容词,意为“单独的;分开的”。例如: We don t have a separate dining roomthe living area is all one. 我们没有单独的饭厅活动空间都在一处。 We offer separate classes for students to learn Chinese in different ways. 我们提供分班授课,让不同的学生以不同的方式学习中文。 (2)separate作动词,意为“分开;隔开”。例如: We d better separate the good ones from the bad ones. 我们最好把好的和坏的分开。 Even numerous mountains and rivers cannot separate our friendship. 纵然是万水千山也隔不断我们的情谊。 【拓展】 separately作副词,意为“单独地;分别地”。例如: He said he would see each of us separately. 他说他将分别约见我们每一个人。 Please be sure that you wrap each item separately. 请确保独立地包装每件物品。 2. explain explain作动词,意为“解释,说明,阐明”。其用法如下: (1)explain sth. to sb. 例如: Please explain that rule to me. 请把这条规则给我讲一讲。 (2)explain (to sb.) + 疑问词 + 从句例如: Please explain to me what this means. 请对我说明这是什么意思。 (3)explain + that从句例如: He explained that we could no longer stay. 他解释说我们不能再待下去了。 【注意】 explain后面不能接双宾语,在接间接宾语sb. 时,前面应加介词to ,即 explain sth. to sb. 。 3. treat treat作动词,意为“治疗;对待;看待”。例如: The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙医正在治疗我的牙齿。 Marry treats me as one of the family. 玛丽对待我就像家人一样。 【拓展】 treatment是 treat的名词形式,意为“对待;待遇;治疗”时,常用搭配有:medical treatment 药物治疗; hospital treatment 住院治疗。 4. whether whether作连词,意为“是否”。当把一般疑问句的直接引语转化成间接引语时,常用if 或 whether 作引导词。例如: 2 I asked her, “Do youstudy English here?” 我问她:“你在这里学习英语吗?” I asked her if/ whether she studied English there. 我问她是否在那里学习英语。 【拓展】 if和 whether 的辨析: if和 whether均可表示“是否”,一般情况下二者可以互换。但在下列条件下,只能用 whether 而不能用if : (1)if后不能直接接or not 。 (2)whether 可作介词的宾语。 (3)whether 后可接不定式。 (4)whether 可用于句首。 (5)whether 可引导主语从句、表语从句。例如: Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 Whether it is right or wrong, I dont know. 正确与否,我不知道。 It doesn t matter whether he will come or not. 他来不来没关系。 5. patient (1)patient作形容词,意为“有耐心的, 能忍受的”,后接with/of。例如: He s a very patient man. 他是个很有耐心的人。 The teacher is very patient with his students. 这位老师对学生很耐心。 (2)patient作名词,意为“病人”。例如: The doctor is very patient with his patients. 那位医师对病人十分耐心。 6. encourage encourage 作动词,意为“鼓励”。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”。 例如: The teacher often encourages us to study hard. 老师经常鼓励我们要努力学习。 My mother encouraged me to enter the contest. 妈妈鼓励我参加那场比赛。 【拓展】 (1)encourage sb. in sth. 意为“在方面鼓励/ 助长某人”。例如: Don t encourage him in laziness. 别助长他的懒惰行为。 (2)encouragement 是 encourage 的名词形式,意为“鼓舞/ 鼓励”。例如: The teacher s words were a great encouragement to him. 老师的话对他是极大的鼓舞。 7. pass pass 作动词,意为“经过;通过;”。例如: I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。 They passed through the forest. 3 他们穿过了森林。 【拓展】 (1)pass 作动词,意为“传递”。pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.意为“将某物传递 给某人”。例如: He passed me a pen. = He passed a pen to me. 他递给我一支笔。 (2)pass on 是动副结构,意为“继续传递”,pass on sth. to sb. = pass sth. on to sb. ,但当 sth. 是代词时,只能放在pass on 之间。例如: When he got the message, he passed it on to others. 当他获得这个消息时,他继续传递给别人。 8. include include作动词,意为“包括;包含”。例如: The price for the hotel includes breakfast. 旅店的费用包括早餐在内。 The parcel included a dictionary. 那包裹里有一本字典。 【拓展】 including除了是include的现在分词 / 动名词之外,在日常运用中一般被当作介词使用, 和其后的名词 / 代词一起形成介宾短语,意思是“包括在内”。例如: There are many different kinds of moon cakes, including fruit, coffee and ham. 有很多种月饼,包括水果的,咖啡的和火腿月饼。 There are 40 students in the classroom, including me. 班里有 40 名学生,包括我在内。 同样, included也有介词用法,且:including + 宾语 = 宾语 + included。 所以上个例句亦可写成:There are 40 students in the classroom, me included. 词汇精练 I. 英汉短语互译。 1最后一次 _ 2对某人微笑_ 3在那时 _ 4担心 _ 5as usual _ 6make friends _ 7day by day _ 8far away _ II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 1Don t _( 大笑 ) at others when they are in trouble 2This watch was a g_ from my aunt 3Look, the gun is shining _(明亮的 ) 4During spring festival,we Chinese often visit friends and _(亲戚 ) 5Please remember not to t_ the things in the shop 6Don t be a_ to ask the teachers questions 7You neednt w_ about his safety III. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空,每个词限用一次。 get back;each other ;polite;twelve ;knife ; excite ;at first;I m afraid ; feel like; some time 1Watching a football match can make people feel _ 2The Browns are going to celebrate their daughters _ birthday 3His father always _ home at 5:00 p. m. 4We should speak to the old _ 4 5In Britain,people not only use _ to cut things but also use them to have meals 6What does it _ being at school in China? 7_ I ll be late for class 8_ I didnt like him but now I do 9From now on we should help _ because we are friends 10“I thought it would be nice to spend _ with you,” I said 【参考答案】 I. 英汉短语互译。 1the last time 2smile at sb. 3at that moment 4worry about 5和平时一样 6 交朋友 7 一天天地 8 远离 II. 根据汉语或首字母提示完成单词。 1laugh 2gift 3brightly 4relatives 5touch 6afraid 7worry III. 用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空,每个词限用一次。 1excited 2twelfth 3gets back 4politely 5knives 6feel like 7I m afraid 8At first 9each other 10some time 句式精讲 1. I m sure she regrets hurting you. regret作动词,意为“后悔;遗憾”。例如: I now regret having made a promise that
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