2012年同等学力申硕英语考试复习-翻译、写作部分,Introduction (according to the 5th edition) Part I translation EN-CH (10 points) CH-EN (10 points),20 points; 30ms,Part I Translation i. EN-CH:5 single sentences/ paragraph/ 5 underlined sentences from a paragraph-80-100words,e.g. Overtheyears,wetendtothinkthatnuclear technologiesandthenecessaryknowhowtoensure nuclearsafetyhavebeendevelopedtoalevelthat possibilitiesforanymajornuclearaccidentsarealmostnonexistentandifitdoeshappen,itwillbecontrolled inthecapablehandsofnuclearengineers.However, realityhasprovedagainthatyoujustcantbetoo carefultohandlenuclearenergy.Wedontknowfor sureyetwhatwillbeleftbehindJapansnuclearcrisis,butitwillbecertainthatitistimetoreexamineour nuclearpracticesandmanymoreeffortsneedtobe madetoensurenuclearsafetyinthefuture. (year 11),Part I Translation Some issues about translation What translation is? Translation -a bilingual and bi-cultural art. What are the criteria for adequate and acceptable translation? Faithfulness? Smoothness? Elegance? Literal translation? Free translation?,Part I Translation,How to translate?-the process of Translation Understanding Presentation Checking,structure,words,wording,Part I Translation,How to translate?-the process of translation I. Linguistic problems: Analysis of structure “ It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” -The Gettysburg Address,Part I Translation,How to translate?-the process of translation I. Linguistic problems: Analysis of structure,Five basic sentence structures: 1. S+V E.g. The rain stopped. 2. S+V+SC E.g. My sister is a nurse. 3. S+V+O E.g. we are learning English. 4. S+V+IO+DO E.g. Her mother bought her a skirt. 5. S+V+O+OC E.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.,Part I Translation,How to translate?-the process of translation I. Linguistic problems: Analysis of structure,Some other issues: Parts of speech: e.g. The workers can fish.-Chinese version ? Relation between words: e.g. The workers went on strike. .-Chinese version ? - were, on strike is a state.,Part I Translation,Skills for translation: a. Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!,subject clause-what/whatever/whoever E.g.1） What he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下深刻的印象。 2）It doesnt make difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议没有多大关系。 3.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。,Part I Translation,Skills for translation: a. Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!,Object/ predicative clause-that/what/how E.g.1） I told him that because of the last condition, Id have to turn it down. 我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。 2）I take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我想你会来跟他谈这件事的。 3. What he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how difficult it might be, they should never give up. 他再三强调的就是，不管多么困难，他们绝不应该后退。,Part I Translation,Skills for translation: a. Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!,Appositive clause-that E.g.1） He expressed the hope that he would come to visit China again. 他（表示）希望再次来中国访问(不提前)。 2）It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 延迟应由他负责，这是改变不了的事实（提前）。 3. But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. 但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景不妙（可用破折号或增加“即”）。,Part I Translation,Skills for translation: a. Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!,Attributive clause-that/which/who/(除了what) E.g.1） The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死(定语前置)。 2）He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 他居然种出了200个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达2磅。（后置） 3). There were the men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月（溶合）。,Part I Translation,Skills for translation: a. Analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!,Attributive clause-that/which/who/(除了what) 6） The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射的路面了(非限制性定语前置)。 7）Tom turned pale, and asked Jack to shut the door, who asked Green, who asked Nick, who pretended not to hear. 汤姆脸色变得苍白，要杰克把门关上，杰克叫格林关，格林又叫尼克关，而尼克装着没听见。（后置） 8). The men had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles, flowers) which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet. 这些花以前一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下，现在