试卷代号：2157 国家开放大学2020年春季学期期末统一考试 英语阅读(3)试题 2020年7月 注意事项 一、将你的学号、姓名及分校（工作站）名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场。监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场。 二、仔细读懂题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答 题纸的指定位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。 三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。 447 Part I Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A, B, or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 1 Communication and Gender in Business 1 According to popular American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender. Since male ways of communicating are standard in business, womens ways of talking are often ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male styles are both valid. Here are some of Tannens main points: 2 Conversational styles in boys and girls show up early. Even 5-year-old boys care about their rank in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the group. Therefore, mens conversational styles often use competition, while women try to keep the appearance of equality. 3 Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt to restore the power balance in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility, women feel unjustly blamed. 4 Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted by Western men as showing insecurity and lack of confidence. However, this gender difference is also a cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and the direct approach used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese. 5 In business, women are often blamed if they talk like a woman (soft, indirect, cautious), but are also blamed if they talk like a man Cb ossy, aggressive). 6 We have strong negative images of women in authority: Wicked Witch and Mother, so women bosses are judged not as bosses but as women. 7 Gender differences show most strongly not in individuals but in group settings. In a group of men and women, women tend to become silent bystanders, while men are active participants. 448 8 Males and females in Western culture speak different body languages. Men often spread out their limbs, taking up a lot of space, gesture widely, speak in loud tones, and engage in direct eye contact. These behaviors communicate power and high status. Women hold in their limbs, take up little space, make small gestures, speak in soft voices, and lower their eyes frequently. These behaviors give away power and announce low status. 9 Males interrupt females much more than they interrupt other males, and more often than females interrupt either mates or females. 10 Research has shown that there is nothing natural about male or female language, but that these gender habits simply show the stereotyped role in which society puts men and women. Questions 1一10are based on Passage 1. 1. vary (paragraph 1) A. are similar C. are universal 2. valid (paragraph 1) A. acceptable C. different 3. show up (paragraph 2) A. change C. appear 4. restore (paragraph 3) A. overpower C. bring back to the original position 5. unjustly (paragraph 3) A. unfairly C. uniquely 6. interpreted (paragraph 4) A. translated C. repeated B. are different B. foolish B. are the same B. revenge B. unknownly B. understood 449 7. aggressive (paragraph 5) A. unwilling to agree with others C. ready to attack others B. easy to get along with 8. bystanders (paragraph 7) A. outsiders C. participants 9. limbs (paragraph 8) A. arms and legs C. ideas 10. interrupt (paragraph 9) A. push C. cut into the conversation Part Il B. onlookers(旁观者） B. newspapers B. apologize to Read Passage 2 and choose either A, B or C to complete each of the following statements. Write A, B or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each) Passage 2 Translating Fashion 1 Its seven oclock in the morning and Natassia Antipova, a beautiful Russian financial consultant, is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking herself: What shall I wear today? A decade ago her choices were simpler. Then, there was one kind of mascara, one color eye shadow. Now, Natassias bathroom shelves are stocked with Avon, Estee Lauder, and Nina Ricci. Her closets contain Levis and Armanis, as well as local brand names. Her awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly expanded. In Tokyo, on the same day, Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public relations company. Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit. In her English pocket- book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products from Shisiedo, the Tokyo-based beauty company. Last year Maki had Japans most popular cosmetic surgery procedure, a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western. The list goes on: The globaliza