2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析 20 非谓语动词（三） 考点五非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词作状语是历年高考考查非谓语动词的重中之重，同学们应予以高度重视。不定式和分词都 能作状语。首先判断用不定式还是分词，然后根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致的原则判断 不定式用主动式还是被动式，分词用现在分词还是过去分词。 1分词作状语 分词主要作时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、方式、结果等状语。 1. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. （2018 北京） A. used B. to use C. using D. use 【答案】 A 【解析】这里作条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语soap与use之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。句意：如果 使用得当，普通肥皂也可以有效除菌。 2. _ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. （2016 北京） A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered 【答案】 D 【解析】这里作原因状语，应用分词；逻辑主语books 与 order 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。句意： 书是一个星期前订的，所以随时会到。 3. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way_ the sun and the stars. (2015重庆 ) A. used B. having used C. using D. use 【答案】 C 【解析】这里是非谓语动词作方式状语，应用分词；逻辑主语birds 与 use 是主动关系，故用现在分词。 4. _ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. (2015天津 ) A. To work B. Worked C. To be working D. Having worked 【答案】 D 【解析】这里作时间状语，应用分词；work 是不及物动词，故用现在分词，分词动作发生在句子谓语动词 动作之前，应用完成式。 5. _ in painting, John didn t notice evening approaching. (2015天津 ) A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing 【答案】 C 【解析】句意：由于专心画画，约翰没有注意到天色已晚。作原因状语，应用分词；John与 absorb 之间 是被动关系，故用过去分词。 6. When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ me stories till I till asleep, (2013重庆 ) A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell 【答案】 B 【解析】这里是非谓语动词作伴随状语，应用分词；逻辑主语my mother 与 tell 是主动关系，故用现在分 词。 7. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. (2011天津 ) A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 答案： B。解析：非谓语动词作时间状语，应用分词。逻辑主语the sentence 与 translate 之间是被动关 系，故用过去分词。 8. Though _ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010 全国 ) A. surprising B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised 【答案】 C 【解析】句意：虽然教授看见我们有些吃惊，但他还是热情地欢迎我们。分词作让步状语。分词与逻辑 主语 the professor 之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。 2不定式作状语 不定式主要作目的和结果状语。 1. _ the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones. (2019天津 ) A. To enjoy B. Enjoying C. To have enjoyed D. Enjoy 【答案】 A 【解析】句意：为了享受电子支付的便捷，很多老年人开始使用手机了。这里作目的状语，应用不定式。 2. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. （2018 北京） A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 【答案】 B 【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。 3. Many airlines now allow passengers print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time. （2017 北京） A.save B. saving C. to save D. saved 【答案】 C 【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。 4. it easier to get in touch with us, you ，d better keep this card at hand. （2016 北京） A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make 【答案】 D 【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。 5. _ the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. （2015 北京） A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D. Catch 【答案】 C 【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。 6. I hope to take the computer course. （2014 四川） Good idea. _ more about it, visit this website. A. To find out B. Finding out C. To be finding out D. Having found out 【答案】 A 【解析】这里作目的状语，应用不定式。 注意： 1. 分词和不定式都可作结果状语，分词表示自然而然的结果，不定式则表示意想不到的结果。 1. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts. (2018 江苏 ) A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding 【答案】 D 【解析】这里是结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用分词；exceed与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故用现 在分词。这一阶段创造了大约一万三千五百给新就业岗位，超过了市场分析预计的一万两千个。 2. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated. （2017 天津） A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed 【答案】 B 【解析】作结果状语，应用分词；逻辑主语与allow 是主动关系，应用现在分词。 3. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, _ air conditioning unnecessary. （2016 天津） A. making B. to make C. made D. being made 【答案】 A 【解析】作结果状语，应用分词；逻辑主语与make 是主动关系，故用现在分词。 4. Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _ it didn t fit. （2014 天津） A. to find B. found C. finding D. having found 【答案】 A 【解析】 这里作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，应用不定式。 句意： 她急切地从包裹中拿出裙子试了试， 结果发现不合身。 1. 在作表语或补语的形容词后用不定式作状语，且用主动表示被动。如： 1. The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. (2012 全国 ) A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched 【答案】 A 【解析】修饰形容词的状语应用不定式。 2. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. (2012辽宁 ) A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate 【答案】 D 【解析】作表语的形容词后用不定式作状语，且用主动表示被动。 3. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad2 more comfortable _. (2011 福建 ) A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold 【答案】 D 【解析】 这里是修饰做做宾语补足语的形容词comfortable ，要用不定式。 2. 有时，为了使非谓语动词表达的意义更加明确，在非谓语动词前加必要的连词。这种现象也可看做是状 语从句的省略：状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时，从句的主语可以省略，同时省略助动词。如： 1. If _ for the job, you ll be informed soon. (2015北京 ) A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted 【答案】 D 【解析】句意：如果我们接受你做这项工作，会很快通知你。作条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语you 与 accept 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。If accepted 也可看作是if you are acc