雅思培训 http:/ielts.longre.com 托福培训 http:/toefl.longre.com新托福阅读文章解密（系列文章之二）朗阁海外考试研究中心 文章标题 Groundwater所属话题 自然科学类之地球科学文章体裁 科技说明文文章结构 分类难度系数 文章难度 题目难度：各题型数量词汇题（5 题） 直接事实题（3 题） 否定排除题（1 题）推论题（1 题） 句子简化题（1 题） 修辞目的题（1 题）插入文本题（1 题） 摘要题（1 题）高频话题词总结groundwater 地下水saturate 浸透，浸湿abundant 大量的，充足的，丰富的soak 浸泡，浸透，湿透emerge 出现，暴露incredible 不可思议的，惊人的，难以置信的particle 颗粒，微粒consolidate 合并，巩固，加强beneath 在的下方sediment 沉淀物，沉积物glacial 冰的，冰（河）川的melt 融化，溶解deposit 寄存，放置，安置current 水流seafloor 海底inland 内地，内陆riverbed 河床sandbar 沙洲dissolve 溶解，融化consist 包含bubble 泡，水泡雅思培训 http:/ielts.longre.com 托福培训 http:/toefl.longre.comporosity 多孔性，有孔性permeability 渗透性，可渗透性ease 轻松，容易drain 排水，流干solid 固体的，结实的，可靠的tension 张力，拉力vary 变化pore 毛孔，气孔，细孔overcome 战胜，克服长难句1. Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces.分析：主句为 Groundwater is the word；used to describe water 为过去分词短语作定语，做 word 的定语；that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces 为定语从句，做water 的定语，关系词为 that；在此定语从句中，filling all the available spaces 为现在分词短语做伴随状语。2. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.分析：主句为 The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand；“known as glacial outwash”为过去分词短语做定语，做 pebbles, gravel, and sand 的定语； “that was deposited as the flow slowed down.”为定语从句，做 glacial outwash 的定语，关系词为 that。3. The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.雅思培训 http:/ielts.longre.com 托福培训 http:/toefl.longre.com分析：主句为“The same thing happens”；“to this day”为时间状语；“though on a smaller scale”为让步状语；“wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.”为 wherever 引导的地点状语从句，在此地点状语从句中“dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.”为现在分词短语做伴随状语，而此伴随状语中冒号后面的内容为解释前文。自然科学类之地球科学的其他话题地球构造（地壳、构成元素、活动）气候（城市热岛、天气预报、风向风蚀）岩土（矿物、土壤、化石、冻土）火山（成因、预测）冰川（冰川、海岸线、水资源）沙漠（分类、特例、形成）文章标题 Desert Formation所属话题 自然科学类之地球科学文章体裁 科技说明文文章结构 原因（cause） / 结果（effect）难度系数 文章难度 题目难度：各题型数量词汇题（4 题） 直接事实题（4 题） 否定排除题（1 题）句子简化题（1 题） 推理题（1 题） 插入文本题（1 题）摘要题（1 题）高频话题词总结formation 形成alarming 使人惊慌的，使人害怕的previous 先前的，以前的desertification 沙漠化primarily 首要地，主要地，根本上stabilize （使）稳定，（使）稳固vegetation 植物，草木subsequent 后来的，随后的accelerate 加速雅思培训 http:/ielts.longre.com 托福培训 http:/toefl.longre.comerosion 腐蚀，侵蚀，磨损accumulate 堆积，积累retain 保持absorb 吸收substantial 大量的，相当程度的，重大的transfer 转移penetration 渗透，穿透runoff 流量，径流，溢流progressive 逐渐的，逐步的deterioration 恶化semiarid 半干旱的delicate 纤弱的，易损的ecological 生态的potential 潜力，潜能adjust 适应，调整subject 使经受，使遭受excess 超过specific 明确的，具体的，特种的contributor 原因，促成因素overcultivation 过度种植overgrazing 过度放牧overirrigation 过度灌溉density 密度severe 严重的necessitate 使.成为必要，需要prior 先前的removal 除去，消除extensive 广泛的devoid 缺乏，没有susceptible 易受影响的livestock 家畜，牲畜dominant 主导的，支配的excessive 过多的trample 践踏，蹂躏pulverization 开裂雅思培训 http:/ielts.longre.com 托福培训 http:/toefl.longre.comvaluable 有价值的nutrient 营养salinization 盐化dissolve 溶解，融化evaporate 蒸发tremendous 极大的，巨大的reverse 逆转，颠倒长难句1. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.分析：主句为“The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces”；“sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.”为并列的两个现在分词短语做伴随状语，连接词省掉；在此伴随状语中“that allows very little water penetration.”为定语从句，做 a surface 的定语，关系词为 that。2. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.分析：主句为“The gradual drying of the soil results in the further loss of vegetation”；“caused by its diminished ability to absorb water”为过去分词短语做定语，做 The gradual drying of the soil 的定语；“so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.”为 so that引导的结果状语从句。3. The water evaporates and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.雅思培训 http:/ielts.longre.com 托福培训 http:/toefl.longre.com分析：此句为并列句，“The water evaporates”和 “the salts are left behind”并列；“ creating a white crustal layer”为现在分词短语做伴随状语；“that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil”为定语从句，做 a white crustal layer 的定语，关系词为 that。自然科学类之地球科学的其他话题地球构造（地壳、构成元素、活动）气候（城市热岛、天气预报、风向风蚀）岩土（矿物、土壤、化石、冻土）火山（成因、预测）冰川（冰川、海岸线、水