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1,英语重形合,句子结构可以借助各种连接手段加以扩展和组合构成复杂的长句。这类长句可由若干分句、子句、多种短语及词组构成。而汉语多意合,连词运用得较少,结构较为自由,以短句居多。因此正确处理长句的翻译是确保译文忠实、通顺的重要环节。,一、英译汉的长句翻译,11长句翻译,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译,2,1.2 语言表达 可将长句中各个部分分别译出,并运用一定的方式,根据汉 语的特点,不拘泥于原文形式,对译出部分进行整合,确保 译文的通顺和流畅。,1. 英译汉长句翻译的步骤 英语句子虽然较长,但还是遵循一定的基本结构。在翻译时, 可以按照如下步骤进行:,1.1 句法分析 在英译汉中,首先需要理清原文的基本句法结构,并且判 断出句子的类型,是简单句、并列句还是复合句,并找出主 语和谓语,然后判断出各种修饰成分的关系 以及句中代词所 指代的对象。,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译步骤,3,该句的主句是“Blitzen would tease Grandma”。第一部分“Even when young”是主句的时间状语,第三部分“by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room”是方式状语,第四部分“where Grandma sat in her favorite”,“comfortable chair”是定语从句修饰“living room”。,例如:,1) Even when young (1), Blitzen would tease Grandma (2)by very selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room (3) where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair (4).,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译步骤,4,通过对四个部分的整合,按照中文的时间顺序和逻辑顺序,该句译文应该为:,四部分分别译成中文是:,布利茨恩在很小的时候就常常戏弄外祖母,当外祖母坐在起居室里她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上时,布利茨恩就故意把她卧室里的一只拖鞋叼到起居室。,(1)在小时候 (2)布利茨恩戏弄外祖母 (3)它叼一只她卧室的拖鞋来到起居室 (4)外祖母坐在她最喜欢的那张舒适的椅子上,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译步骤,5,该句的主句是“they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories”。第一部分“Whether these stories are cartoons or jokes, told by a slapstick comedian or a cross-talking team”为让步状语从句,第三部分是由两个并列句组成的原因状语从句。,2) Whether these stories are cartoons or jokes, told by a slapstick comedian or a cross-talking team (1), they appeal to people everywhere as funny stories (2) because they have a note of reality to them, and the unexpected punch line is quite funny (3).,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译步骤,6,无论这些故事是漫画还是笑话,是由演滑稽剧的喜剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲,都为各地人们所喜爱。人们喜爱这些有趣的故事,因为它们贴近现实生活,而且里面那些出人意料的妙语十分有趣。,(1)这些故事无论是漫画还是笑话,是由演滑稽剧的喜 剧演员说还是由搭档的相声演员讲 (2)它们都受人们喜爱 (3)因为它们贴近现实生活,而且里面那些出人意料的 妙语十分有趣,三部分分别译成中文是:,按照中文表达习惯,通过对三个部分的整合,并适当增添词语,该句译文为:,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译步骤,7,随着我技术的进步,我开始加上花样:抛球时让一个球经过其他球的上方,或者其他球的下方;或者我让一个球弹在我的头上或者臂肘上,并继续按原来的方式抛球。,2. 英译汉长句翻译的方法,英译汉长句翻译所采取的主要方法如下:,2.1原序和换序译法 某些英语长句所表达的事情或动作是按照时间或逻辑关系排 列的,其语序和汉语基本相同,在翻译时可以按照原序翻 译,这称为原序译法。例如:,1) As I got better, I began to add tricks, tossing the balls so that one went over the top of the others, or under the others, or I bounced one off my head or elbow and still kept the pattern going.,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,8,五年之后,当我21岁时,母亲在圣诞节期间的一天,把我叫到一边说:“丹,你愿不愿给救世军的聚餐会表演杂耍?”,2) Then five years later, when I was 21, my mother called me aside one day during the Christmas season and said, “Dan, how would you like to juggle for the Salvation Army dinner this year?”,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,9,或者举办“谋杀案侦破晚宴”:一群朋友聚在一起,在餐桌上利用预先准备好的关于人物性格行踪的线索破解一桩案件。,而某些英语长句在叙述两个或两个以上的动作或事情时,其先后顺序可能与汉语表达习惯不一致,在翻译时需要调整顺序,这称为换序译法。例如:,3) Or there are murder dinner parties, at which groups of friends get together to solve a crime over the dinner table, using specially prepared information about their character and their whereabouts.,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,10,45分钟以后,我给了孩子们一句忠告,作为节目的结束语:“不论是杂耍还是别的,如果你们想成功,就必须不断地努力。你们能做到,只是永远不能放弃。,4) Forty-five minutes later I ended the performance with my final word of advice to the children: “If you want to succeed, at juggling or anything else, you have to keep trying. You can do it. Just never give up.”,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,11,我喜欢那个关于一位中学教师和校长因看见学生在学校操场上接吻而感到担心的故事。故事并不过火。,2.2拆分译法,把某些较长的英语句子进行分解,译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子,称为拆分译法。例如:,I like the somewhat mild story of a school teacher and a principal of a high school who are concerned because some boys and girls have been seen kissing on the school playground.,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,12,2) As one who has enjoyed humor since I first recognized it, Ive made an attempt to explain and discuss humor with students in such diverse cultures as Latin America and China.,我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上了它的人,因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大,有来自拉丁美洲的,也有来自中国的。,What is humor?,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,13,第一部分是铺垫(即背景),接下来是主干部分(即故事情节),随后便是妙语(即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分,这个笑话便会很有趣。,3) First is the SETUP (or setting), next is the BODY (or story line), and these are followed by the PUNCH LINE (an unexpected or surprise ending) which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor.,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,14,所有小说里最有名的侦探也许是舍洛克福尔摩斯,他的住所是,“伦敦贝克街221b号”。现在仍有信件寄到那里,要求他帮忙解决各种各样的迷案。,2.3重组法,指打破原文的层次和结构安排,按照汉语行文习惯将原文内容进行一定的重新组合的翻译方法。这种方法是对上述各种长句翻译方法的综合利用。例如:,Letters still get sent to “221b Baker Street, London”, home of Sherlock Holmes, perhaps the most famous fictional detective of all, asking for his help in solving a variety of mysteries.,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,15,我当体育编辑,最早是为蒙彼利埃(俄亥俄州)的企业导报工作,当时我很少收到体育迷的来信。因此,一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。,2) On my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier (Ohio) Leader Enterprise, I didnt get a lot of fan mail, so I was intrigued by a letter that was dropped on my desk one morning.,翻译技巧英译汉长句翻译方法,16,英语的长句的语法结构、逻辑关系与语义往往比较复杂,且各种词类、非谓语动词以及充当形式主语和宾语的it等交错运用,要把长句翻译得准确、流畅、实质上需要充分运用各种翻译技巧,并结合上下文语境,或顺译,或倒译,或拆分,或结构转换,或增减词汇,对全句进行综合处理,以便通顺、忠实地传递原文意思。,总结,翻译技巧4. 重组法,17,翻译练习,This elderly, unmarried English lady was between 65 and 70 years of age when she made her first appearance in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930. She appeared in twelve novels and twenty short stories over a period of forty-one yearsmaking her quite elderly by her last case!
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