V-ing形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语,V-ing形式作表语,1. 表抽象性、经常性、一般性的动作，可与主语互换位置。,One of his bad habits is smoking while having dinner.,Smoking while having dinner is one of his bad habits.,注：不定式(to do)亦可作表语，但不定式侧重某次具体的动作。,Her job is _ (nurse) patients in the hospital; but this weekend her task is _ (look after) her granny.,nursing,to look after,V-ing形式作表语,2.使人产生某种情绪或感觉的使动词，如disappoint, amuse, astonish, interest, frighten, puzzle, surprise, move, excite, bore, confuse等，V-ing表示“令人的”, 而V-ed表示“(人)感到的”。,I dont think her joke is amusing at all.,The film we saw last night was very moving.,I am not amused at her joke at all.,We were moved at the film we saw lat night.,V-ing形式作定语,1. 表示修饰名词的属性、作用或用途。,the reading/dinning/waiting room,washing/bathing/drinking water,2. 使动词的V-ing作定语，表示修饰名词的性质、特点。,The speech is boring.,This/It is a boring speech.,表语,定语,V-ing形式作定语,3. 表示所修饰名词的动作或状态，相当于一个定语从句。,Watch out for the rolling stone.,They lived in a house facing the sea.,Watch out for the stone which is rolling.,They lived in a house which faces the sea.,V-ing形式作定语,注：V-ing形式的完成时不可作限制性的后置定语。形容词、副词、介词短语作后置定语，前面无需加being。,Do you know the man having picked up a wallet?,Do you know the man who has picked up a wallet?,Anyone being outside school shall get punished.,Anyone outside school shall get punished.,Anyone who is outside school shall get punished.,V-ing形式作宾语补足语,主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。 1. 感官动词：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe, + V-ing表示动作正在进行。,Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.,I noticed a stranger sliding into the managers office.,V-ing形式作宾语补足语,1. 感官动词： 注：感官动词+ doing (正在进行) (to) do (动作的全过程) done (动作的被动、完成),I saw a boy getting on the bus.,I saw a boy get on the bus.,I saw a boy beaten by his father.,V-ing形式作宾语补足语,主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。 2. 使役动词：have, set, keep, leave, get+ V-ing表示处于某种状态或持续干某事。,Im sorry to have kept you waiting.,Its not difficult to get him talking - the problem is how to stop him.,V-ing形式作宾语补足语,2. 使役动词： 注：使役动词+ doing to do (去做/完成一件事) done (动作的被动、完成),He left the little girl to find her own way home.,Never leave children playing near water by themselves.,I will have my computer repaired.,