第八讲：省略句，强调句和倒装句,By Alfred,倒装句,什么是倒装句？,在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时为了语法结构的需要，或者是为了强调，谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语前面，这种语序叫做倒装。 倒装可分为: 全部倒装 局部倒装,、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫局部倒装。 Only then did he realize that he was wrong.,、整个谓语在前的句子，叫全部倒装。 Here comes the car.,一、全部倒装,There + 动词结构中常常使用全部倒装，这类动词主要有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。 There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question.,_ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill. A. There stand; at B. There stands; underC. Stands there; underD. There stands; at,将out/here/there/now/then 等副词在句首， 表强调，也要使用全部倒装 句型结构： 副词 + 动词+主语,Here comes the bus. There goes the bell. Now comes your turn. Out went the children.,注：代词做主语时，主谓语序不变,Here you are. Here it is. In he comes.,There _. And here _. A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is sheC. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she,Out _, with a stick in his hand.A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush,练习：,当表示地点的介词词组(如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)在句首时，也要使用全部倒装。,At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag. East of the lake lie two towns. Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.,In the middle of the church _ man. A. stood such an oldB. stood a so oldC. stood such old aD. stands so an old,On the wall _ two pictures. A. Hang B. Hangs C. Hanged D. Hanging,表语置于句首,一般也使用全部倒装：,形容词+系动词+主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.,2) 过去分词+系动词+主语 Gone are the days.,3) 介词短语+be+主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers and toys.,_, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits. A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going,二、部分倒装,部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、have放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。 以下几种情况我们要使用局部倒装。,1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子，使用局部倒装。,这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom(很少，不常）, rarely（很少，罕有）, hardly, scarcely（几乎不，简直没有）, no sooner（立即）, not only, in no way（决不）, at no time, few, not, no等, 如:,Not a word did I say to him. Never have I found him so happy. Little does he care about what I said. I cant swim. Neither can he. No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.,巩固练习: 1) Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived atB. had I arrived C. had I reachedD. I had got to 2) Have you ever seen anything like that before?No, _ anything like that before.A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen 3) She is not fond of cooking, _ I.A. so amB. nor amC. neitherD. nor do,2. only + 状语短语，副词或状语从句放在句首,要部分倒装。如:,Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (状语从句),Only in this way _ make progress in your English. A. youB. can you C. you be able to D. will you able to Only when the meeting was over_ go back to meet his friend.A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able toD. was able to he,3. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。 如:,I saw the film, so did she. I love English, so does he. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.,So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone couldC. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could,4. Not only + 分句,but also + 分句句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:,Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.,Not only is she pretty but also she is kindhearted.,_ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong. A. Not was only he B. Not only heC. Not only was he D. Not only was,5. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句局部倒装。如:,Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句) Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句),Not until the early years of the 19th century _know what heat is.A. man didB. manC. didnt manD. did man Not until I began to work _ realize how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I B. did I C. I didntD. I,6. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:,Many a time has John given me good advice.,Often did she come to my house in the past.,Many a time _ swimming alone. A. the boy wentB. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy,综合练习；将下列句子改为倒装：,1. The shop will not open until 9 oclock. _the shop open. 2. I will never see you again. _you again. 3. I realized that I was wrong only then. _that I was wrong.,Not until 9 oclock will,Never will I,Only then did I realize,4. I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. _ than it began to rain