长难句分析,Im Lily Allen.,Im Lily Allen in BLCU.,除了“主干成分”，还有“修饰成分”,(只有“主干成分”，没有“修饰成分”),The main factors that make sentences hard to understand:,1.含有较多成分的简单句（同位语、介词短语、非谓语动词、 定语、状语、插入语） 2.含有多个简单句的并列句 3.并列句和主从复合句并存 4.倒装句。,2,、含有多个简单句的并列句。,How to make good analysis of sentence structures (five steps),1.隔离插入成分，寻找特殊标点,2.寻找连词，确定句子种类（简单句、并列句、复合句）,3.寻找句中的动词或者动词结构,4.确定整个句子框架标出主句主干部分及从属连词,5.确定从句框架标出从句主干部分,Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, to help reduce unemployment pressures.,介词短语,定语,时间状语,过去分词 做定语,不定式做状语,School are expected to hire college graduates.,1.带有较多成分的简单句,不定式做状语,时间状语,介词短语,同位语,句子主干：,/,/,如：Having chosen family television programs and womens magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific womens magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是womens magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations。exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。,2.含有多个简单句的并列句 Inthe1970shewasasurgeon(外科医生)atYale , hadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，but hewasterriblyunhappy. 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了_.,and,he,/,/,_,_,在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当一名外科医生，有一个 出色的妻子和五个可爱的孩子，但他过得并不开心。,Discrimination(歧视) isnt their only concern； almost everyone testing positive for the Huntingtons gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。,3.并列和主从复合句并存 I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.,在possibility后由that引导的_从句中还含有一并列结构的_.,同位语从句,我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上 人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。,时间状语从句,/,_,4.倒装句 Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived people belonging to two major language groups.,1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上， 住着属于两个主要语种的民族。,Before 1996, people belonging to two major language groups lived in the land we all call Great Britain.,5. 含有多个插入成分的句子 His journey to the e-mail hell began innocently（无知地） enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system. 他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长，他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。 as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语，他们将从属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。,The old worker insisted that he wasnt old and that he be sent back to the working post again. 在insist 后面引导了两个并列的_从句,第一个 _ 从句中使用的是_语气，第二个_从句中使用的是_语气,宾语,陈述,虚拟,_,_,宾语,宾语,Car sharing is usually run by a service like Zipcar, though there are nonprofit(非营利的) and informal car sharing services. We can learn from the passage that _. A. Zipcar cant help you if you are running urgent errands (使命)B. Zipcar, different from other services, is aimed at green driving with no profitC. Zipcar is a company supplying car sharing services for a monthly payment D. Zipcar is a company providing formal car sharing free,翻译题： Malaysia Airlines deeply regrets that we have to assume beyond any reasonable doubt that MH370 has been lost and that none of those on board survived.,马来西亚航空公司深表遗憾的是，我们必须假设，可以 排除合理的怀疑，认为MH730已经遗失，飞机上无人生 还。,In fact，the analysis showed，normal children aged 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago Question : According to the analysis，compared with normal children today，children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago _ Ahad little communication with friends Bwere probably less self-centered Cprobably suffered less from anxiety Dwere considered less individualistic,