高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析专题19动词（四）非谓语动词（二）5）只能用不定式的短语和结构 只能用带to的不定式的结构有：do/try ones best, make up ones mind, should/would like/love, be used (用于做), preferrather than（不带to）, be said/supposed/reported, its better, its likely, its+adj+for/of sb, it takes （sb） some time等；只能用不带to的不定式的结构有：would rather, had better, why not, can not but, can not help but, do anything/ everything/ nothing but,等。1. On our way to the house，it was rainingsohard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _(get) there. (2019全国III)【答案】to get【解析】句意：在去房子的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道还得多长时间才能到那里。这里是“It takes (sb) some time to do sth”句型，故填不定式。2. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely _ (bring) your work home. （2016全国II）【答案】to bring【解析】句意：如果你工作之余找到喜欢做的事情，你就不会把工作带回家。be likely后接不定式，表示“可能（做）”。3. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better _ (control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you. (2016上海)【答案】control【解析】句意：如果所有这些问题的答案是肯定的，那么你最好控制住你的压力，因为太大的压力可能会对你不好。Had better后接不带to的不定式。4. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_ (get ) ill. (2016上海)【答案】to get【解析】句意：如果所有的压力超过了150，你生病的可能性会翻倍。be likely后接不定式，表示“可能（做）”。5. It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. （2014全国I） 【答案】to reduce【解析】句意：要减少工业污染和清洁河水需要多年的工作。It takes to do sth是固定结构，意为“做某事需要”。6）介词后用动名词作宾语1. Scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are. (2019全国I)【答案】noting【解析】句意：科学家根据记录回应称，饥饿的北极熊可能会聚集在人类居住区周围，使我们产生一种错觉，那就是北极熊的数量比要实际多。by是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填入noting。2. A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for _ （be）Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week. (2019全国II)【答案】being【解析】句意：一位90岁的老人被授予“年度最佳妇女”称号，因为她是英国年龄最大的全职雇员，现在每周仍然工作40个小时。for是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。故填入being。3. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running. （2018全国I）【答案】dying【解析】句意：你可能喝酒、抽烟、肥胖，但是仍然可以通过跑步来降低早死的风险。作介词of的宾语，应用动名词。die是不规则动词，其动名词形式是dying。4. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. （2017全国I）【答案】eating【解析】句意：快餐脂肪和盐分含量高。吃快餐多的人获得的脂肪和盐分也比身体所需的多。作介词by的宾语，应用动名词。5. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _ (use) electric equipment. （2015全国II）【答案】using【解析】句意：除了朴素的美，土坯房的绝妙之处还在于它们具有不用电器来调节房子气温的能力。作介词without的宾语，应用动名词。3. 作定语不定式、动名词和分词都能作定语。近年来高考主要考查不定式和分词作定语，所以对动名词作定语不再赘述。1）分词作定语不及物动词构成的现在分词多表进行，过去分词多表完成；及物动词构成的现在分词多表示主动或进行，过去分词多表示被动或完成。surprise，interest，excite，puzzle，disappoint，astonish，amaze, bore, encourage，inspire，shock，move, tire, challenge, touch等这类动词的分词作定语与前面叙述的作表语的情况相同，即表示事物的特征时，用现在分词，表示人的特征、状态时，用过去分词。1. When we got a call _ （say）she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke. (2019全国II)【答案】saying【解析】句意：当我们 接到电话说她获得提名，我们还以为那只是是一个玩笑。这里作定语，修饰call；逻辑主语call与say之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。2. Earth Day, _ (mark) on 22 April，is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. （2019北京）【答案】marked【解析】句意：地球日是于每年4月22日举行的年度活动，旨在提高公众的环保意识。这里作Earth Day的定语，应用非谓语动词。Earth Day与mark是被动关系，应用过去分词，故填入marked。3. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _ (shine) object. (2017浙江)【答案】shining【解析】句意：但是什么东西使她凑近看，她注意到一个闪闪发光的东西。这里作定语，修饰object；object和shine是主动关系，故用现在分词。4. A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. （2015全国I）【答案】conducted【解析】句意：TripAdvisor网站对游客进行的一项研究提名阳朔为全世界十大旅游好去处之一。空格部分作定语，修饰a study；study与conduct是被动关系，故用过去分词。5. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. （2015全国I） 【答案】living【解析】句意：香港一家旅游公司Abercrombie & Kent说，它为居住在上海和香港的人们定期安排来这（阳朔）的快速自助游。这里作定语，修饰people，live是不及物动词，故用现在分词。6. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) _ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. （2015全国II）【答案】built【解析】句意：土坯房的建造者美国西南部的普艾布罗印第安人甚至受到最现代化的建筑师和工程师的钦佩。这里作定语，dwellings与build是被动关系，故用过去分词。7. While there are _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. （2014全国I）【答案】amazing【解析】句意：虽然有瞬间改变的惊人故事，但对我们大多数人来说，这些改变是渐进的，需要长期的努力和艰苦的工作，就像清理污染的河流那样。说明stories的特征，表示“令人惊讶的”，应用现在分词。2）不定式作定语不定式作定语与其所修饰的名词主要构成主谓关系、动宾关系和同位关系。构成主谓关系最明显的特征是名词前有序数词，或最高级修饰。不定式与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，如果不定式动词是不及物动词，则不定式动词后要加相应的介词。1. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans _