高考英语短文填空考点讲解与真题分析专题26 语法填空实战演练 (一) Passage 1阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Friendship is indispensable (不可缺少的) to _1_ (people) life. A man without friends is like an angel without wings, _2_ life will suffer in the long tolerance of loneliness and depression. Friendship is the mother of our soul, who will warm her kid if hurt _3_ (occur). We have many things such as happiness, _4_ (excite) and bitterness, to share with our friends in life, etc. Thus, it is important _5_ (maintain) a true friendship.It takes many special qualities to make a friend. Understanding should come first. Only when we get a better understanding of each other can we gain _6_ authentic and meaningful friendship.It also takes a special kind of love that seems to have no end. Never hesitate to show your kindness to your friend when he/she is _7_ trouble. Love is not selfish. Love is such a valuable quality _8_ (give) by God that we should treasure it all our life.Tolerance is the _9_ (three) essential part in friendship. We are _10_ (absolute) different persons. This individual distinction may cause conflict. But just try to tolerate others so that you can maintain your friendship.1. 【答案】peoples【解析】 作定语，应用所有格。2. 【答案】whose【解析】句意：没有朋友的人就像没有翅膀的天使，他的人生将因长期忍受孤独和抑郁的折磨而倍受煎熬。这是一个复合句，主句是A man without friends is like an angel without wings，后面是定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰life，故用关系代词指whose。3. 【答案】occurs【解析】句意：友谊是心灵的母亲，如果孩子受到伤害，她会给孩子以温暖。这是一个复合句，主句是Friendship is the mother of our soul，who引导一个非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中又包含一个if引导的条件状语从句。空格处在条件状语从句中作谓语，表示将来，应用一般现在时；主语hurt是单数，所以谓语用单数occurs。4. 【答案】excitement【解析】句意：我们一生中有很多东西要和朋友分享，如快乐、兴奋和痛苦。 并列连词and连接三给并列名词，所以此处将动词变成名词填入空格。 5. 【答案】to maintain【解析】句意：于是，维持真正的友谊非常重要。It is + adj. + to do sth是固定句型，意为“做某事很”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。 6. 【答案】an 【解析】句意：只有当我们彼此更进一步了解对方，我们才能获得真正的有意义的友谊。friendship笼统地指“友谊”是不可数名词，当前有限定词修饰时，表示具体的某方面的友谊，则是可数名词。这里是单数，所以用不定冠词。从前文的a true friendship也可得到提示。 7. 【答案】in【解析】句意：朋友陷入困境时，要毫不犹豫地表现你的友善。be in trouble意为“遇到麻烦、陷入困境”。 8. 【答案】given【解析】句意：爱是上帝给予我们的一种无价的品质，我们要终生珍惜它。这里作定语，quality与give是被动关系，应用过去分词。 9. 【答案】third【解析】句意：容忍是友谊中第三大重要的部分。这里表示顺序，应用序数词。 10. 【答案】absolutely 【解析】句意：我们是完全不同的人。作状语，修饰形容词different，应用副词。 Passage 2阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Harvard is older than the United States. In the early 1630s, some settlers recommended that a university _1_ (found) just to improve the quality of their descendants (子孙) so that they could better build the new home. Thus, it was established in 1636 by vote of the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Like many other universities at that time, Harvard at the early stage often ran into a _2_ (finance) crisis. The school board often had to go to Europe to raise _3_ (donate), but as you can predict, they often came back _4_ their hands empty. _5_ (fortunate), in 1638, John Harvard, pastor of Charlestown, passed away. He left his library and half his estate (财产）to the institution, _6_ were the biggest contribution ever since its establishment. Therefore, the university was named after his name. Today, you can find a statue of John Harvard _7_ (stand) in front of the University Hall in Harvard Yard, and it is perhaps the Universitys best _8_ (know) landmark. It is universally _9_ (acknowledge) that John Harvard was respected and remembered by the people in the USA owing to _10_ he did.1. 【答案】(should) be founded 【解析】句意：早在十七世纪三十年代，一些定居者建议建一所大学，旨在改进他们子孙后代的品质，以便他们能更好地建设自己的新家。Recommend后面的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。University与found之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。 2. 【答案】financial【解析】句意：象很多那个时候的大学一样，哈佛大学在其早期常常陷入财政危机。作定语，应用形容词。 3. 【答案】donation(s) 【解析】句意：校委会不得不经常去欧洲募集捐款，但是可以预见，他们常常空手而归。 作宾语，应用名词。raise donation(s)意为“募捐”。4. 【答案】with 【解析】句意：这里是介词短语作状语；介词后是“宾语+宾语补足语”，能跟这一结构的介词只有with和without，根据句意可知，应用with。 5. 【答案】Unfortunately 【解析】句意：不幸的是，1638年查尔斯镇的牧师约翰.哈佛去世了。作状语，应用副词；由passed away可知，是件不幸的事，所以副词用Unfortunately。6. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：他把他的图书馆和一半的家产捐赠给了学院，那是建校以来获得的最大的一笔捐赠。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词是his library and half his estate，故用关系代词which。 7. 【答案】standing 【解析】句意：今天你可以看见一座约翰.哈佛的塑像矗立在哈佛园学院大厅前面，它可能是这所大学最知名的标志性建筑。这里作宾语补足语，故用现在分词。 8. 【答案】known 【解析】作定语，修饰landmark，应过去分词，用作形容词。known意为“著名的”。 9. 【答案】acknowledged 【解析】句意：举世公认约翰.哈佛因其所做的事情被美国人民所尊敬和怀念。It is universally acknowledged that是固定句型，意为“举世公认”。 10. 【答案】what 【解析】句意：空格处引导一个宾语从句，连接词在从句中做did的宾语，表示“什么”，应用what引导。Passage 3阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。China has always been famous for being a “State of Etiquette (礼仪)”. According to historical documents, as early as 2,600 years ago, this nation has already established a thorough set _1_ dining etiquette.A famous 19th century Russian writer, Anton Chekhov, once invited a Chinese man _2_ (have) a drink in a bar. Chekhov said, “Before drinking from his cup, he held it with his hands and presented to me and the bar owner and bartenders, _3_ (say) qing (please)