高考英语语法填空考点讲解与真题分析专题05连词（三）IV关系词关系词引导定语从句。首先要判断该空引导的是定语从句，然后根据定语从句的相关语法知识确定具体的关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。详见下表：关系词在从句中充当的成分先行词关系代词who主语、宾语、表语人whom宾语人which主语、宾语、表语物that主语、宾语、表语人或物whose定语人或物关系副词when状语时间where状语地点why状语原因1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1. The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源). （2019北京）【答案】who/that【解析】句意：从大学获益最多的是那些完全投入到学术生活的学生，他们充分利用大学的机遇和资源。这是一个复合句，主句是The students benefitting most from college are those，从句是_ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources (资源)。从句修饰those，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词；先行词those指人，故用关系代词who或that。2. They were well trained by their masters_had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019全国III)【答案】who/that【解析】句意：它们得到了在照料动物方面经验丰富的主人的良好训练。这是一个复合句，主句是They were well trained by their masters，从句是_had great experience with caring for these animals。从句修饰masters，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用关系代词who或that。3. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark. (2019浙江)【答案】which/that【解析】句意：在夹克衫的边缘有一块布，在黑暗中能发出光。这是一个复合句，主句是On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth，从句是_ gives off light in the dark。从句修饰cloth，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，故用关系代词which或that。4. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes. （2018全国I）【答案】which/that【解析】句意：这是一个复合句，主句是Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014，从句是_ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes。从句修饰a study，是一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词study指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。5. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the governmentstarted a soil-testing program_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.（2018全国II）【答案】which/that【解析】句意：中国农业部发现，从2005年政府启动土壤检测计划，对农民使用化肥进行指导，到2011年间，化肥的用量减少了770万吨。这是一个复合句，主句是The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 从句是when the governmentstarted a soil-testing program_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers。在这个从句中，又包含一个定语从句，即_ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers，从句修饰program，是一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词program指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。6. Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江)【答案】who/that【解析】句意：很多来西方人来到中国后，一旦意识到在外面吃饭那么便宜，做饭就比在自己国家少多了。这是一个复合句，主句是Many westerners cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out，从句是_ come to China。从句修饰westerners，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指人，故用关系代词who或that。7. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.（2015全国I）【答案】which/that【解析】句意：我欢呼雀跃地来到了桂林的附近，这是寻找石灰岩山峰和漓江绿水的游客们梦寐以求的地方，这些景点在艺术家们如此多的中国画中都有描绘。这是一个复合句，主句是Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，从句是_ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings。从句修饰the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，是一个定语从句。关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。8. Maybe you leave a habit _ is driving your family crazy. （2014全国I）【答案】which/that【解析】句意：也许你有一个习惯，这习惯使家人发疯。这是一个复合句，主句是Maybe you leave a habit，从句是_ is driving your family crazy。从句修饰habit，是有个定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词指物，所以用关系代词which或that引导定语从句。注意：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句一般与主句用逗号隔开。that不能引导非限制性定语从句；which引导非限制性定语从句，可以指代一个名词或代词，也可以指代整个主句。1. Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _ she opened with her late husband Les. (2019全国II)【答案】which【解析】句意：现在Irene Astbury每天从上午9点到下午5点在麦克莱斯菲尔德的宠物店工作，宠物店是她和已故丈夫Les开的。这是一个复合句，主句是Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，从句是_ she opened with her late husband Les。从句说明the pet shop，是定语从句。关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词shop指物，故用关系代词which。虽然that也可以指物，但这是一个非限制性定语从句，故不能用that。2. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _ is not good for the health. （2017全国II）【答案】which【解析】句意：任何事情都是一样的，两者都可能获取太多，这对身体不好。这是一个复合句，主句是Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 从句是_ is not good for the health