,Guessing meanings,猜测词义,高三英语组,（2014湖南卷阅读B） In the mid-1950s, I was a somewhat bored early-adolescent male student who believed that doing any more than necessary was wasted effort. One day, this approach threw me into embarrassment. In Mrs. Tottens eighth-grade math class at Central Avenue School in Anderson, Indiana, we were learning to add and subtract decimals (小数). 61.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 1 indicate? A.It is wise to value ones time. B.It is important to make an effort C.It is right to stick to ones belief. D It is enough to do the necessary.,Lead-in(导入),（2015全国卷阅读C） The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration(合作）with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid, Spain, and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St. Petersburg, Florida. 31. What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Artworks. B Projects C. Donations D. Documents,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. .,It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.,1._ ： 一般通过_来确定词义。,(adj. 易碎的, 脆的),The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,(n. 牧羊人),Definition 定义法,定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）,A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.,(n.蚊子),特别注意下列信号词： be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,- (破折号)等.,Ex. 1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones.,木匠,动物学家,脊椎动物,“Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.,The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _.,being treated rudely by paying no attention to you,B. greeting you friendly,C. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you,D. feeding you cold meat,2. _： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。,Contrast 对比法, Cycling was once a means of transport for the poor. But it has become an important marker of an affluent world city. 65. The underlined word “affluent” in the last paragraph probably means _. A beautiful B. famous C. big D. wealthy,表示对比的信号词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等。,1. Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. 2. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.,污秽的,节约的,Exercise 2,3.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. 4.Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. 5. Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,6.Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.,7. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.,A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly,A,(v. 不同意),3. _：利用_、_ 或相似的结构猜测词义。,Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.,(adj. 巨大的;极大的),Similarity 相似法,同义词,近义词（词组）,当被猜的词前后有信号词: or, like , asas, the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。 The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.,代替,圆胖的,4_：从_推测_，从_推测_。,One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.,That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的),(adj. 大的),. Cause Effect 因果法,原因,原因,结果,结果,因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹性的,混浊的,When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.(04广东高考题） 65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” (in para.3) means that the colours _ attracted the customers strongly had weak effects on the customers tricked the customers into shopping caused the customers to lose interest,D,5. _