1,Renaissance Lecture Outline,Where did it begin? Why there? What is Renaissance? Humanism Renaissance Art Renaissance Art VS. Middle Age Art Age of Giants,It was the greatest progressive revolution that mankind had so far experienced. -Engels,Brought from the European mainland Italy, The Renaissance was a “rebirth” of Classical Ancient Greek and Roman literature and culture,Lets see renaissance as a whole,Why did Renaissance happen?,Collapse衰落 of the Holly Roman Empire; the emergence of cities and universities; development of commerce and banks the Black Death Geographical Discovery,Where did it begin?,Why did it start in Italy?,Forces of social change were more advanced in Italy than in northern Europe Nationality caused Italians to embrace their past more warmly than ever before,What is Renaissance? (I),Renaissance = “Rebirth” between 14th-mid-17th century It first started in Italy. Renaissance: Humanism and Reformation,What is rebirth? (II),The humanistic revival of classical art, architecture, literature, and learning The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.,10,Erasmus, a traveler in Italy, writes to a friend in 1499,“It is marvelous how widespread and abundant is the harvest of Ancient learning which is flourishing in this country.”,11,What is Renaissance? (II),the middle age Find God Human dependence on God Spiritual Life Joy in the Other World Renaissance Find man Human Freedom Joy in this World Promote learning,The middle age in the shadow of Christianity,基督教对人的观点是：亚当、夏娃偷吃禁果，证明肉体是罪恶的王国。上帝将人类的始祖逐出伊甸园，罚其在满是荆棘和蒺藜的大地上终身劳苦。人间不是幸福，人只有抑制自己的情欲和欢乐，忏悔错误，走完人生痛苦的历程，才能接近上帝，获得永恒的幸福。总之，人本身是鄙贱的，应该消极处世，把一切寄托于来世。,人是神的附属，为信仰而生活。,Find God,宗教改革的三堵墙 第一堵墙，宗教权力在世俗权力之上； 第二堵墙，只有教皇才有解释圣经的权利； 第三堵墙，只有教皇才有召集宗教会议的权利。,14,What is Renaissance? (III) Find man,Humanism 人文主义 Self Human Worth Individual Dignity Right to enjoy pleasure Power to perfect oneself,Petrarch: Human Happiness,我不想变成上帝,或者居住在永恒中,或者把天地抱在怀抱里.属于人的那种光荣对我就够了.这就是我所祈求的一切.我是凡人,我只要求凡人的幸福.,Man is responsible for your own happiness.,Bacon: Knowledge is Power,Knowledge is power A wise man is strong; yea, a man of knowledge increases strength Books must follow sciences, and not sciences books,17,What is Renaissance?,Man loves himself once again,The Return of Humanism,19,What is Renaissance? An Age of Giants,Michelangelo Leonardo Da Vinci Raphael,Humanists,Humanists try to gain knowledge useful in making them better people Virtuous, responsible, educated citizens,Renaissance man (universal man): acquire all knowledge and all the skills of the various arts. (These arts are those that are unrecognized by the church.) excels in multiple fields, particularly in both arts and sciences,A Real Humanist ISir Thomas More,Wrote: Utopia A book about a perfect society Believed men and women live in harmony. No private property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing criminals.,