Grammar,sentences,start !,句子成份, 句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（ subject group）,谓语部分（ predicate group）, 句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,1) 主语（subject）,I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 担任,常置于句首。,动词不定式,动名词 或主语从句,名词,主格代词,The sun rises in the east. （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,2) 谓语（predicate）,说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,动词,常用时间状语 ： usually,sometimes,often,never, in spring, every day,in the morning 动词构成 ：be(is/am/are) 动词原型. work 动词+S.（主语是第三人称单数）works 否定构成 ： dont+动原 doesnt+动原 一般疑问构成及简答：Do+主语+动原+其它？Yes,I do. Does+主语+动原+其它？No,he doesnt. 特殊疑问举例 ：What do you often do on Sundays? Where does he live?,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes every day. Sometimes he _ (play) basketball over there. How often _ Sally _(sing)?,wash,plays,Grammar,常用时间状语：yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberation, when 等引导的含过去时的句子。动词构成：动词过去时（-ed） worked/used to work 否定构成：didnt+动原 didnt work used not(didnt use) to work 一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？ 特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? P.S.：He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是门还开着） He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着),动词-ed形式的构成：,moved died,carried cried,stopped planned,answered,got,drank,took,went,swam,ate,cut,were,had,did,came,said,saw,put,不规则过去式,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes yesterday. The day before yesterday he _ (play) basketball over there. _ Sally _(sing) two hours ago?,washed,played,一般将来时句子结构,主语 + shall will + do 主语+ is amare going to +do 主语+ be to +do 主语+ be about to +do 主语+ be + doing,(1) Your job _ open for your return. Thanks. (06北京) A. will be kept B. will keep C. had keep D. had been kept,现在进行时用法,正在进行,一直进行,与always连用,Look, they are playing football.,He is writing a novel this year.,My teacher is always smiling in class.,Grammar,结构: be (is, am, are) + doing 标志语： Look! Listen! now , these days 注意： go,come,leave.arrive,return, die等的进 行时有时表示即将发生的动作。,动词-ing形式的构成：,writing taking,getting running swimming,asking,Exercise,The twins _(wash) the clothes now. Look! He _ (play) basketball over there. Listen! _ Sally _(sing)?,are washing,is playing,过去进行时用法,过时正进,过段直进,when, while,I was doing my homework at eight last night.,They were watching TV from nine to ten yesterday.,They were reading aloud when the teacher came in.,Grammar,过去进行时: Past Progressive 概念: 表示过去正在发生的动作 结构: be (was，were) + doing 标志语：at 8:00 yesterday 、 when、while 、at this time yesterday,at that time,现在完成时,1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果, 这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词.,2未完成用法, 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态, 可能持续下去, 也可能刚刚结束, 这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词,I have read the book. He has opened the door. Have you seen a book here ?,I have lived here since my childhood. We have learned English for four years. It has been ( is ) six years since he left here.,(1)We _our new neighbors yet , so we dont know their names.(06上海) A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met,(2)The coffee is wonderful ! It doesnt taste like anything I _ before . (05全国) A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had,(3)My brother is an actor .He _ in several films so far . (05 浙江) A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing,3) 宾语（object）,I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.,4) 表语（predicative）,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。,He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say Im poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）,除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词， 1)表感官的动词: 2) 表转变变化的动词: 3)表延续的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。,become, get, grow, turn, go,等,remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。,定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词） We belong to the third world. （数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词） The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词） The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词） I have a