中考英语专题-宾语从句、感叹句练习讲解一、专题精讲【用法讲解】概念解释：复合句与简单句相对，初中阶段的复合句包括宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。用法：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。常用的连接词有：that, if, whether, what, which, who, whom, when, where, how, why等。（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。【举例】He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。【举例】Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。【举例】I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.但在下列情况下只能用whether：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come）让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。【举例】I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。【举例】I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。【举例】He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。【举例】Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.特别提醒宾语从句的人称要遵循“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”的原则。如下表：直接引语的主语变为间接引语后第一人称与主句的主语一致第二人称与主句的宾语一致第三人称不变感叹句考点一 ：由What引导的感叹句其结构为:What+a(an)+形容词+名词+(主语+谓语)【举例】What an interesting story it is !多有趣的故事啊!What a lovely day it is!多好的天气啊!What interesting books they are!多有趣的书啊!What bad weather it is!多坏的天气啊!What a beautiful girl!多漂亮的女孩啊!在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,如： What a big fish!多大的一条语啊What a pretty girl!多秀丽的女孩啊! What a beautiful bird!多么漂亮的一只鸟啊!考点二：由how引导的感叹句。其结构为:How+形容词/(副词)+主语+谓语!【举例】How big the dining room is!餐厅真大啊!How lovely the girls are!这些女孩真可爱!How beautiful those flowers are!这些花真美啊!How well she dances!她跳得真好呀!How hard he studies!他学习多么努力啊!How carefully Li Yan listens!李艳听得多么认真啊!在口语中,这类感叹句有时常省略主语和谓语,只保留感叹部分。如:How clean! 真干净! How fast!多么快啊考点三感叹句句型1 What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！2 What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！3 How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！4 How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语+其他成分！针对性练习一、请完成下面的感叹句。1. _ a pretty girl she is!2. _ quickly the boy is running!3. _ kind teachers they are!4. _ clever the baby is!5. _ I miss my hometown (家乡)!6. _ happy I am!7. _ sad child he is!8. _ hot water it is!9. _ hard they study!10. _ able (能干的) young man he is!11. Look! _fast the boy is running!12. _cold day it was yesterday!13. _heavy the box is! I cant carry it.14. _interesting story he told us!15. _nice the moon cakes are!16. _bad weather!17. _clever children all of you are!18. _important news that is!19. _time flies!20. _beautiful flowers you bought me!二、按要求对下列句子进行句型转换。1. He listened to his teacher carefully. (该为感叹句) _ _ he listened to his teacher!2. What a clever monkey it is! (该为同义句)_ _ a monkey it is!3. The food is very nice. (该为感叹句)_ _ food it is!4. How sadly they are crying! (该为陈述句)They _ _ _.5. The Christmas tree is beautiful. (该为感叹句)_ _