Grammar Relative Clauses with Relative Pronouns,1. A: Who is that handsome boy? B: Which one? A: The one in blue. B: You mean the one who/that is wearing a blue jacket? A: Yes. B: Oh, he is a student whose mother is a very famous singer,Studying the Rule,A: Can I help you? B: Yes, I want to buy a ruler. A: We have plastic and stainless steel rulers. Which do you prefer? B: I prefer plastic ones. A: Yes, the ruler which / that are made of plastic are usually colorful. Here you are. B: Thank you.,An adjective (e.g. handsome) goes before / after the noun it relates to. A prepositional phrase (e.g. in blue) goes before / after the noun it relates to. The relative clauses goes after / before the noun it relates to.,Finding the Rule,Look at the following sentences and try to find out how to use relative pronouns in relative clauses. 1. He who/that doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 2. I dont like the girl whom/that you are talking about.,3. This is the house which/that has just been painted. 4. The puter which/that I bought a month ago broke down yesterday.,5. The girl whose English is very good won the first place in the 100- meter race. 6. This is my school whose buildings are built on the top of a hill.,Relative pronouns,1. In relative clauses, that and which are used to refer to things. 2. In relative clauses, we use who to refer to people. 3. When who functions as the object, it can be replaced by whom.,4. We can leave out who, whom, which and that when they are the objects. 5. We use whose to mean possession. It usually relates to a person, but it can also relate to things.,关系代词与先行词的关系,1. A plane is a machine that can fly.,the machine = that,2. The boy who broke the window is called Tom.,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,the boy = who,the boys/ the clubs = whose,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,3. The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4. The club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every Saturday afternoon.,介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,Are these sentences right? The man whom you spoke was a scientist. The city which she lives is far away.,to,in,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后,Tips: 当介词前置时，只能用 whom 指人, which 指物；但如果介词后置，则不受这种限制, 关系代词还可以省略，特别是在口语中。 e.g. Do you know the boy to whom she was talking? Do you know the boy (that) she was talking to?,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,在固定短语中介词不能提前,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,Tips: 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介 词仍放在短语动词的后面。如 look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking.,that 和 which,以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything, something, nothing, anything或由few, little, much，all, only, the very等修饰时，常用关系代词 that 来引导定语从句。 e.g. The only thing that matters is to find our way home.,2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修 饰时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。 e.g. The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。,3. 先行词同时指人和物时, 用that引导定语从句。 e.g. We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 4. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代 词时用that引导定语从句。 e.g. Which is the dictionary that you want?,Example: Einstein/is /Germany/the country/ was born in,Applying the Rule,Read the examples in the table and understand how to use relative pronouns in relative clauses .,The country which Einstein was born in is Germany.,1. the theory of relativity/the person/ developed/ Einstein/is The person who/ that developed the theory of relativity is Einstein. Einstein was the person who/ that developed the theory of relativity.,2. maths and physics/the subject/Einstein/ studied/were The subjects that/ which Einstein studied were maths and physics. Maths and physics were the subjects that/ which Einstein studied.,3. worked with/Einstein/greatly/the scientists/ admired him The scientists whom Einstein worked with admired him. The scientists that/ who worked with Einstein admired him greatly.,4. The award/was/Einstein/the Nobel Prize/ received The award which/ that Einstein received was the Nobel Prize. Einstein received the award which/ that was the Nobel Prize.,5. Einstein/the equation/was/E=mc2 /worked out The equation (which/ that) Einstein worked out was E=mc2. Einstein worked out the equation which/ that was E=mc2. E=mc2 was the equation( which/ that) Einstein worked out.,Rewrite the following sentences by using relative clauses, paying attention to the blue parts.,1. David, a policeman, came to a cabin about two miles up the mountain to get Cal Richards, an armed and dangerous killer., David who is a policeman came to a cabin which is about two miles up the mountain to get Cal who is an armed and dangerous killer.,2. Just then he caught sight of a violin hanging on the wall. 3. The old man stood there, attracted.,The old man who was attracted stood there.,Just then