大连理工大学网络教育学院第 1 页 共 7 页大学英语 3 辅导资料三主 题：Unit 2 的知识扩展学习时间：2013 年 10 月 14 日10 月 20 日内 容： 一、用一般时，不用进行时的动词（本课重点和难点）1. 表示状态的动词没有进行时我们只能说某种动作在进行，不说某种状态正在进行，所以表示“ 存在、所有、感情”之类的 动词都没有进 行时态。2. 表示心理情感状态的动词：know, understand, forget, remember, believe, want, need, respect, prefer, mind, like, agree, wish, recognize, mean, care, dislike, love, hate, fear, hope, appreciate3. 表示事实状态的动词：appear, exist, remain, seem, belong, depend on, look(看似), lie( 位于)例题：(1) All the furniture in the house _ to the landlord.A. is belonging B. belongs C. belong D. are belonged解析：furniture 为不可数名词， 谓语动词要用单数形式，而 belong 又是表示状态的动词，要用一般现在时，所以选择 B。(2) As a general rule, snakes _ unless offended(触怒).A. have not bitten B. do not bite C. will not be biting D. are not biting解析：本题指的是通常状态下，所以要用一般现在时。选择 B。(3) The earth _ round the sun in 365 days.A. moves B. moved C. has moved D. move大连理工大学网络教育学院第 2 页 共 7 页解析：客观事实或真理要用一般现在时，所以选择 A。4. 瞬时动词没有进行时动作为一时性，它们所表示的动作从发生到结束只是一瞬间。例如：accept, allow, admit, complete, decide, end, give, receive, refuse, permit, promise例题：(1) He _ his leg when he _ in a football match.A. broke; played B. was breaking; was playedC. broke; was playing D. was breaking; played解析：break 为 瞬时动词，要用一般式；play 要用过去 进行时，表示他当时正在踢球。所以选择 C。(2) The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _.A. will arrive B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arriving解析：arrive 为 瞬时动词，根据题意要用一般现在时。所以选择 B。5. 感官动词指本能自然的动作，时间短暂，不用 进行时，如 see, notice, hear, smell, taste, look, sound.例题：(1) Do you like the material?- Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt解析：feel 意为 “感觉起来”，要用一般现在时，所以选择 C。6. Here / There 开头的感叹句用现在时代替现在进行时。e.g. Here comes our English teacher! = Here he comes!There goes the car! = There it goes!7. 现在时可以代替完成时。大连理工大学网络教育学院第 3 页 共 7 页see（明白，知道），hear, understand, forget, read, learn 等词可用一般现在时表示“已知、已忘 ”。I forget (= I have forgotten) his name.I understand (= I have understood) what you mean.二、使用过去时的典型例题1. 有时没有明确的时间副词，但可以由上下文或由所提到的地点暗示出来。2. 表示两件紧接着发生的动作，由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute例题：(1) Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it. Its 9569453.A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant答案：A。(2) Hello! I _ you _ in London. How long have you been here?A. dont know; were B. hadnt known; areC. havent known; are D. didnt know; were答案：D。三、现在完成时的一些典型用法1. 通常与现在完成时连用的词语yet, already, by this time, just, ever, never, before, several times, since, up to now, so far, recently, lately, for a long time在使用这些词语时要注意以下问题：(1) already 一般用于肯定句，yet 用于否定句和疑问句。如：We have already seen the film.John hasnt found his watch yet.Have you read this book yet?(2) ever 多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，表示“曾经” 。never 用于形式上的肯大连理工大学网络教育学院第 4 页 共 7 页定句中表示“ 从未” 。例如：Have you ever been to the Great Wall?We have never heard about it.(3) often, always, several times 等表示动作的频率。 例如：We have often been here.Mary has read the text several times.2. 现在完成时与过去时在使用副词词语方面的比较(1) just now 用在过去时，just 用在现在完成时。(2) ago 用在过去时，before 用在现在完成时。 ago 不能单独使用，前面要加 a few days 等，而 before 可以单独使用。(3) since + 过去某一时间点或从句 用在完成时for + 一段时间 用在完成时。例如：I have studied French since 1960.He has lived here since he was born.We have known each other for a few years. (4) 现在完成 时不与疑问副词 when 连用，不与过去的确定时间副词连用。如：Wrong: She has broken a cup yesterday.Wrong: When has Tom stayed with you?例题：(1) I like Shakespeares works. Up to now I _ three of his plays.A. had read B. have read C. was reading D. am reading解析：up to now 用于现在完成时，所以选择 B。(2) When are you planning to send the card to your friend? I _ it already.A. sent B. had sent C. have sent D. was to send大连理工大学网络教育学院第 5 页 共 7 页解析：already 可用于现在完成 时，所以选择 C。3. 动词现在完成时态中的 have been 与 have gone 在用法上有哪些区别？虽然 have been 和 have gone 都是现在完成时，但表达的意思不同。have been 表达的意思是“去过” 。have gone 表达的意思是“去了”。也就是说用 have gone 时，表示句中主 语所指的人到某到 过了。have been 表示句中主语所指的人曾经去过某地，但现在已不在那了。在用法上区别很大。现请看例句：(1) Where is your father? I havent seen him for a few weeks.（你父亲到哪里去了？我有几个星期没有看见他了。 ） He has gone to the U.S.（他去美国了。 ）(2) Have you been to the Great Wall recently?（近来你去过长城吗？） Yes, I have been there several times.（是的，我去过几次。 ）四、使用瞬时动词时应注意些什么？一些动词如 come, go, leave, arrive, start, begin, become, join, buy, receive, borrow, die, marry, return 等的特点是：它们所表示的动作从发生到结束只是一瞬间。使用这类动词时要注意以下几点：如果要表示这些动词的延续意义时，不能使用它们的完成式加 for 引导的表示一段时间的短语的句式，而必须改用其它句型或改换其它有延续性的动词表示。请看下列汉译英例句：(1) 他参军三年了。译文：It is three years since he joined the Army.大连理工大学网络教育学院第 6 页 共 7 页或者 He joined the Army three years ago.或者 He has been in the Army for three years.此句不能译成：He has joined the Army for three years.(2) 电影开演十分 钟了。译文：It is ten minutes since the film began.或者 The film began ten minutes ago.或者 The film has been on for ten minutes.此句不能译成：The film has begun for ten minutes.(3) 他来这里两个月了。译文：It is two months since he came here.或者：He came here two months ago