发展进步的利弊24.(2005.12)Progress is likely to slow down once science and technology have met our basic human needs. New developments in science and technology will not continue to produce more societal benefits. In fact, the promise that science and technology will continue to benefit us is increasingly doubtful when so many individuals find their lives changing in ways they cannot control and in directions they do not desire.Adapted from Daniel Sarewitz,“Social Change and Science Policy”assignment:Do the benefits of scientific and technological developments come at the cost of undesirable changes to peoples lives? 是 37.(2006.6)We measure our progress as a civilization by what we see as advances in technology, which seem more significant than such concerns as education and the condition of the natural world. Still, I would prefer to be a part of a community that judged itself on the happiness of its members rather than on the development of new technology. Adapted from Thomas Moore,The Re-Enchantment of Everyday Lifeassignment:Does a strong commitment to technological progress cause a society to neglect other values, such as education and the protection of the environment? 是的。 中国的现状。 教育产业化。 漠视污染。 87. (2008.5) Technological advances have freed society from tiresome labor, such as washing clothes by hand, hauling heavy loads, and walking long distances, and have given people increased access to information and entertainment. Yet, when given a choice, many people still resist using modern conveniences. There must be something to be gained from not using technology. Assignment: Are there benefits to be gained from avoiding the use of modern technology, even when using it would make life easier? 可以同意。 放弃开车上下班，减少污染。 骑自行车，锻炼身体。 不看电视，还有其他的娱乐活动。 (OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE TEST 4) Technology promises to make our lives easier, freeing up time for leisure pursuits. But the rapid pace technological innovation and the split second processing capabilities computers that can work virtually nonstop have made all us feel rushed. We have adopted the relentless pace the very machine that were supposed to simplify our lives with the result that, whether at work or play, people do not feel like their lives have changed for the better. Adapted from Karen Finucan, “Life in the Fast Lane” Assignment: Do changes that make our lives easier not necessarily make them better? 10. Think carefully about the issue presented in the following excerpt and assignment below: (OFFICIAL GUIDE PRACTICE TEST 8) There is, course, no legitimate branch science that enables us to predict the future accurately. Yet the degree change in the world is so overwhelming and so promising that the future, I believe, is far brighter than anyone has contemplated since the end the Second World War. Adapted form Allan E. Goodman, A brief History the Future: The United States in a Changing World Order Assignment: Is the world changing for the better? 独立思考 1.(2005.3) We must seriously question the idea of majority rule. The majority grinned and jeered when Columbus said the world was round. The majority threw him into a dungeon for his discoveries. Where is the logic in the notion that the opinion held by a majority of people should have the power to influence our decisions? Adapted from James A.Reed,“Majority Rule” assignment:Is the opinion of the majority-in government or in any other circumstances-a poor guide? 可以单面写，也可以两面写(让步, 有时候确实是poor guide, 但是在有些时候，却不是的，比如革命时期广大人民的经济和政治诉求Economic and political appeal)。 伊拉克战争的起源-大规模杀伤性武器 Weapons of mass destruction are biological, chemical, or nuclear weapons. 但是其实只不过是美国政府的一个用以发动战争go to war against的借口pretext而已。 很多政策的实施也都是打着为国为民的借口excuse, 但是实际上真正的目的是不可告人的-比如经济适用房economically affordable housing.一开始大家都认为这是一个好政策，很多所谓的专家学者也鼓吹，但是最终还是没有达到本来想达到的目的。比如三峡大坝Three Gorges Dam，一开始是想要发电，解决我国的电荒severe power shortage问题，但是没料到的是造成了很严重的环境后果-干旱，炎热scorching hot; burning hot; torridity; baking-hot，湖波缺水。黄万里。 计划生育政策 family planning policy 很多专家学者目前还在鼓吹计划生育好，但是显然枉顾我国人口比例失衡的事实。 左右皆曰贤，未可也；诸大夫皆曰贤，未可也；国人皆曰贤，然后察之，见贤焉，然后用之。左右皆曰不可，勿听；诸大夫皆曰不可，勿听；国人皆曰不可，然后察之，见不可焉，然后去之。左右皆曰可杀，勿听；诸大夫皆曰可杀，勿听；国人皆曰可杀，然后察之，见可杀焉，然后杀之，故曰国人杀之也。 废奴运动abolitionist movement 解放黑人奴隶宣言The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. The first one, issued September 22, 1862, declared the freedom of all slaves in any state of the Confederate States of America that did not return to Union control by January 1, 1863. The second order, issued January 1, 1863, named ten specific states where it would apply. Lincoln issued the Executive Order by his authority as Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy under Article II, section 2 of the United States Constitution. Abolitionism was a movement in western Europe and the Americas to end the slave trade and emancipate slaves. In eleven States constitutin