凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 1 页 共 6 页2000 年考研英语翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.（71）Under modern conditions，this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.（72）Furthermore，it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example，they may encourage research in various ways，including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education，or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science，economics any industry，In any case，all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.（73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications，people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas，while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time，the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example，（74）in the early in industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century，whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.（75）Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors，governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.二、翻译题解（71）Under modern conditions, thisrequiresvarying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号Under modern conditions, /this requires varying measures of centralized control /and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.解析：（1）主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：measures of.and hence the help of.皆为require 的宾语。（2）两个宾语各带有 of 介词短语作定语。 凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 2 页 共 6 页词的处理：under modern conditions 在现代条件下varying measures （程度）不同的措施centralized control 中央控制，中央调控and hence 因此，从而operational research experts 运行研究专家，运筹学家技巧点拨：（1）代词 this 作主语的指代的前面的整句话 “Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community”（世界各国的政府都认为，人民的福利主要依赖于本国的经济实力和社会财富），这种情况下，可以采用概括的方法，将其译为“这”。（2）and hence the help of.中 hence“从而”是承接 and 之前的 require 而来的，即 and连接的是两个并列的宾语，所以翻译的时候，需要增词，翻译成“从而就需要.”。（3）specialized scientists 初步处理为“专门的科学家，专业的科学家”，按照汉语习惯，译为“专家”。（4）such as economists and operational research experts 中 operational research experts 指的是“操作研究专家，运行研究专家”，更好的翻译方法是用专业术语“运筹专家”；such as.的内容为举例说明，按照汉语语序，翻译到其所修饰的词之前，即“诸如经济学家和运筹学家等（专家）”。完整译文：在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。（72）Furthermore itisobviousthatthe strength of a countrys economyisdirectly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, andthatthis in turnrestsupon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.句子拆分：拆分点参考：从属连词，介词短语，标点符号Furthermore it is obvious / that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, / and that this /in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.解析：（1）主干结构是 it is obvious that., and that.，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语为两个 that 分别引导的主语从句。（2）两个 that 从句都是简单的主谓宾结构句。（3）this 指代前面的宾语中心词 efficiency。词的处理：furthermore 再者，另外it is obvious that 显而易见的是the strength of a countrys economy 一个国家的经济实力is directly bound up with 与直接（密切）相关the efficiency of its agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率in turn 反过来rests upon 有赖于，取决于 凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！第 3 页 共 6 页scientists and technologists of all kinds 各种科技人员，所有领域的科学家和技术人员技巧点拨：（1）形式主语部分 It is obvious that .可以直接翻译为 “显而易见的是.”。（2）代词 its 指代的是本划线句中 a country 的所有格，直接翻译为“其”，意思仍清晰。（3）两个 that 主语从句直接翻译，无需调整顺序。（4）减词法：the efficiency of its agriculture and industry