职称英语阅读理解及答案 Super _rket is a type of retailing institution that has a moderately broad product assortment spanning gro _ries and some nonfood lines, that ordinarily emphasizes pri _ in either an offensive or defensive way. As a method, super _rket retailing features several related product lines, a high degree of self-servi _, largely _ntralized checkout, and petitive pri _s. The super _rket approach to retailing is used to sell various kinds of merchandise, _(1)_. The term super _rket usually refers to an institution in the gro _ry retailing field. Most super _rkets emphasize pri _. Some use pri _ offensively by featuring low pri _s in order to attract customers. Other super _rkets use pri _ more defensively by relying on leader pricing to avoid a pri _ disadvantage. Sin _ super _rkets typically have very thin gross _rgins, they need high levels of inventory turnover to achieve satisfactory returns on invested capital. Super _rkets originates in the early 1930s. They were established by independents _(2)_. Super _rkets were an immediate suess, and the innovation was soon adopted by chain stores. In re _nt decades super _rkets have added various nonfood lines to provide customers with one-stop shopping convenien _ and to improve overall gross _rgins. Today stores using the super _rket method of retailing are dominant in gro _ry retailing. However, different names are used to distinguish these institutions _(3)_: A superstore is a larger version of the super _rket. It offers more gro _ry and nonfood items _(4)_. Many super _rket chains are emphasizing superstores in their new construction. Combination stores are usually even larger than superstore. They, too, offer more gro _ries and nonfoods than a super _rket but also most product lines found in a large drugstore. Some bination stores are joint ventures between super _rkets and drug chains such as Kroger and Sav-on. For _ny years the super _rket has been under attack from numerous pe _s. For example, a gro _ry shopper can choose among not only _ny brands of super _rkets but also various types of institutions (warehouse stores, gourmet shops, meat and fish _rkets, and convenien _ stores). Super _rkets have reacted to petitive pressures _(5)_: Some cut costs and stressed low pri _s by offering more private brands and generic products and few customer servi _s. Others expanded their store size and assortments by adding more nonfood lines (especially products found in drugstores), gro _ries attuned to a particular _rket area (foods that appeal to a specific ethnic group, for example), and various servi _ departments (including video rentals, restaurants, delicatessens, financial institutions, and phar _cies). A by size and assortment B than a conventional super _rket does C including building _terials, offi _ products, and, of course, gro _ries D attracting more customers with their low pri _s E pri _rily in either of two ways F to pete with gro _ry chains KEYS: CFABE 模板,内容仅供参考