经济贸易国民经济常用语 中央计划经济 centrally planned economy指令性经济 mandatory plan网络经济 Internet-based economy实证经济学 positive economy外向型经济 export-oriented economy实体经济 the real economy规模经济 economies of scale规模不经济 diseconomy of scale经济规律 laws of economics看不见的手 the invisible hand发挥市场调节作用 give play to the regulatory role of the market经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages经济计划和市场调节相结合 combine economic planning with market regulation优化资源配置 optimize allocations of scale规模经营优势 advantage of economies of scale比较优势 comparative advantage新凯恩思主义 new Keynesian货币主义者 monetarist供给学派 supply-side economist企业集团 business conglomerate全民所有制 ownership by the whole people集体所有制 collective ownership 国有企业 state-ownership enterprises(SOEs)集体企业 partnership enterprises私营企业 private businesses民营企业 privately-run businesses中小企业 small and medium enterprises(SMEs)三资企业three forms of foreign-invested enterprises连锁企业franchise/chain businesses下游企业down-stream enterprises高附加值high added value主要经济指标major economic indicator人均国内生产总值GDP per capita工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture工业增加值industrial added value实际增长率growth rate in real terms年均增长率average growth rate per ammum可持续增长sustainable growth出口导向型增长export-led growth投资驱动增长investment-driven growth增额；增加值increment经济效益economic returns/business performance社会商品零售总额total retail sales百分点percentage point按原口径计算calculate at the base line按不变价格计算calculate at constant price按可比价格计算calculate at comparable price投资回报率rate of return on investment外贸进出口总额total foreign trade value外贸顺差foreign trade surplus逆差deficit实际利用外资foreign investment in place资金到位fully funded财政收入tax revenue国民收入national income总需求曲线aggregate demand curve总供给曲线aggregate supply curve总支出曲线aggregate expenditures curve消费价格指数consumer price index(CIP)零售价格指数retail price index(CPI)生活费用价格总指数total price index of living cost生活费用income available for living expenses扣除物价因素in real terms居民储存存款domestic savings恩格尔系数（食品开支比例）Engel coefficient基尼系数（地区差别）Gini coefficient科斯定理Coases theorem购买力平价法purchasing power parity(PPP)片面追求发展速度excessive pursuit of growth经济增长减速slowdown of economic growth泡沫经济bubble economy经济过热overheating of economy炒房地产热frenzied and speculative trading in the property market三角债chain debts/interenterprise arrears结构失调structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出acute structural imbalance优化结构structural optimization供大于求oversupply供不应求short supply需求拉动的通货膨胀demand-pull inflation恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation滞胀stagflation菲律普曲线（失业与货胀）Phillips cure经济紧缩crunch不景气slump/sluggish衰退 recession大萧条great depression负增长negative depression高息集资raise funds by offering high interest超前消费deficit spending收益递减diminishing returns边际效用递减diminishing marginal utility 财政赤字（盈余）budget deficit(surplus)瓶颈制约bottleneck constrains双头垄断duopoly提高经济效益enhance economic performance/increase economic returns社会效益beneficial social effect充分就业full employment实现持续，稳定，协调的发展bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development培育新的经济增长点foster new sectors economic growth拉动经济增长fuel economic growth扭亏为盈turn a loss-making business into a profitable one放权让利decentralization and interest concessions深化改革intensify reform/deepen ones commitment to reforms配套改革supporting (concomitant) reforms配套资金counterpart funds/local funding of改革试点pilot for reform放松管制deregulation权利下放decentralization杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery费改税transform administrative fees into taxes债转股debt-to-equity swap充分发挥货币政策的作用give full play to the role of monetary policy事实积极的财政政策follow a pro-active fiscal policy向银行增发国债，扩大投资The government issued additional treasury bonds to banks to increase investment再注资recapitalization放松银根to ease monetary policy收紧银根tighten up monetary policy通货紧缩deflation适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy信用紧缩credit crunch启动民间投资attract investment from the private sector 加速国民经济信息化develop information-based economy/accelerate IT application in economy实现经济增长方式的转变effect change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to performance gains)优化经济结构optimize economic structure输入活力bring vigor into 扩大内需expand domestic demand改善居民心理预期inspire the general publics confidence in the future needs 鼓励增加即期消费encourage more immediate consumption整顿经济秩序rectify economic order市场潜力转化为现实的购买Market potential turns into tangible purchasing power基本适度broadly appropriate 平衡发展balanced development平稳回升steady recovery普遍回升broad-based recovery软着陆soft landing 复式预算制capital and current budgetary account工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio规范行为regularize behavior国计民生national interest and peoples livelihood基础设施投资investment in infrastructure基本经济要素economic fundamentals（银行资金）头寸宽裕（头寸紧缺）in an easy position(tight position)招标投标制t