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-WORD格式-可编辑-专业资料-浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。二、延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示点时间,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如:-When did you get to know Jack?-Two years ago.-Then youve known each other for more than two years.-Thats right.三、终止性动词的用法特征1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:The train has arrived.火车到了。Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:(1)他死了三年了。误:He has died for three years.正:He has been dead for three years.正:He died three years ago.正:It is three years since he died.正:Three years has passed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。误:He has come here for five days.正:He has been here for five days.正:He came here five days ago.正:It is five days since he came here.正:Five days has passed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:leavebe away, borrowkeep, buyhave, begin/startbe on, diebe dead, move tolive in, finishbe over, joinbe in/be a member of, open sth.keep sth. open, fall illbe ill, get upbe up, catch a coldhave a cold。(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。(3)用句型It is+段时间+since.表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。(4)用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:He hasnt left here since 1986.I havent heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用,构成not+终止性动词+until/till .的句型,意为直到才。如:You cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡觉。5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终止性动词)Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:误:How long have you come here?正:How long have you been here?正:When did you come here?巩固练习:1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for two hours. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for five years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join3. The factory _ since the February of 1995. A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _ friends since they met in London in 1998. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5. You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have been6. The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been in7. Miss Gao_this school since 1996. A. has come to B. came to C. has taught D.has been in8. Ben _ a teacher for early three years. A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week up to now. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. were10. How long _ Mr Smith _? A. did; die B. was; dead C. was; dying D. has; been dead11. When I _ in Beijing, it was raining hard. A. got B. reached C. arrived D. was12. Tom _ the car for two months. A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had got13. -How long _ you _? -Two weeks. A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill C. were; ill D. have; been ill14. Since 1942 he _ his hometown.A. has left B. has moved away fromC. has been away from D. moved away from15. Ill lend you the bike, but you can only _ it for two days. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take16. The bus _ on the road for an hour. A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has been17. Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. pulling on(Keys: 1-5 DCABB 6-10 CDABD 11-15 CADCC 16-17 DA)提高初三英语复习成绩的技巧与方法在三年的英语学习中,学生成绩已经出现等级分化;成绩好的学生帮
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