语法课堂 形容词、副词及比较级最高级语法课堂形容词、副词及比较级最高级一、形容词的修饰与位置一般来说，从构词法角度来看，后缀“ly”往往是副词，但有的以“ly”结尾的词是形容词而不是副词，这点要注意;形容词一般可以在句子中做定语，表语等成份，但有些形容词在句子中只能做表语和只能做前置定语;这些形容词在修饰时候有一定的特殊性要引起大家的注意，下面做了一下归纳：1、有些以-ly结尾的是形容词而不是副词：costly 昂贵的lonely 孤独的deadly 死一般的lively 活泼的friendly 友好的silly 傻气的kindly 热心肠的likely 可能的leisurely 悠闲的ugly 长得丑的brotherly 兄弟般的monthly 每月的earthly 尘世的2、只作以“a”开头的很多形容词只能做表语：afraid 害怕的alike 相象的awake 醒着的alone 单独的，惟一的alive 活着的ashamed 羞愧的asleep 睡着的aware 意识到的、察觉到的well 健康的content 满意的unable 无能的3、只作前置定语的形容词earthen 泥土做的，大地的daily 每日的latter 后面的golden 金子般的weekly 每周的inner 里面的silken 丝一般的monthly 每月的outer 外面的wooden 木制的yearly 每年的elder 年长的woolen 毛织的former 前任的mere 仅，只不过only 惟一的sheer 纯粹的very 恰好的little 小的live 活的4、下列动词既是实义动词又是系动词，注意用做系动词时，要求形容词做表语：Remain，keep，become，get，grow，go，come，turn，stay，stand，run，prove，seem，appear，look.二.形容词与副词的比较级与最高级1考比较级时，考生应把握：1、形容词和副词比较级的形式是否和比较连词对应出现，即是否符合原级比较及比较级的结构。如：Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often_, or better than an actual performance.Aas good as Bas good Cgood Dgood as在这里as good as 比较连词与better than比较连词同时出现时候，不能省略任何一个介词。答案为A2、比较的成分是否属于同类事物或同类概念，既是说比较要具有可比性。如：The number of registered participants in this years marathon was half _.A of last yearsBthose of last yearsCof those of last yearD that of last years(前后相比的应该是今年和去年注册参加的人数“the number of”故代替它的应该是单数指示代词“that”，而不能选择B，those是指代participants，不是同类对比，答案为D。3、比较级与倍数词关系及其位置原级结构中可插入表达倍数的词，表示为“为.若干倍”,当与有表示倍数比较的词在一起时候等，他们的位置是，倍数词+asas,或倍数词+morethan，但again一般放在原级词之后，即“as+原级+ again + as”.如：Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills_ people each year than automobile accidents.A seven more timesB seven times moreC over seven timesD seven times(答案为B)“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?”“No, I would gladly have paid _for it.”A twice so muchB twice as muchC as much twiceD so much twice(答案为B)4、下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念：inferior, minor, senior, prior, prefer to, superior, major, junior, preferable, differ from, compared with, in comparison with, different from, rather than.如：Their watch is _ to all the other watches on the market.A superior B advantageous C super D beneficial(答案为A)5、“比较级+and +比较级”或“more and more/less and less +原级”以及“ever, steadily, daily等副词+比较级”结构表示“越来越”的意思，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get ,become等。前面两种情况更多地出现在进行时态中，注意的是这三种情况引导的比较级后面都不需要用than.如：Things are getting worse and worse.事情变得越来越糟Her health was becoming daily worse.她的健康正变得越来越越遭The road got ever worse until there was no road at all = the road got worse and worse.6、比较级前面可以用even, still, yet ,all the (more)等修饰语用以加强语气，表示“更加”的意思。如：Today it is even colder than yesterday.I have yet more exciting news for you.7、有关比较级的特殊句型：A): not so muchas 与其说不如说The chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates_ a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.A and B as Cbut D or人口增长的主要原因与其说是因为出生率的提高，还不如说是因为医疗的进步带来的死亡率下降的结果。答案为BB) no/not any morethan两者一样都不The heart is _ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the brain.A not so Bnot muchCmuch more D no more(心脏和胃两者都不具有智力，他们都受大脑控制。答案为D)There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, _they can limit how much water you drink.A much more than B no more thanC no less than D any more than(答案为D)C)no/not any lessthan两者一样,都注意基本上与no/not any morethan 意思相反She is no less beautiful than her sister.她和她姐姐一样漂亮D)just as so 正如，也(用倒装结构)Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _ the atmosphere.A as it is B the same isC so is D and so is(答案为C)2、最高级形式应注意的问题：1、最高级比较范围用介词in, over, of, among。in, (all) over用于在某一范围内的比较，如：in China, all over the world.of, among用于在同一群体内同类事物的比较,如：among the teachers, of the four dresses.注意：among相当于one of , 不说among all。这一点考生应与汉语表达区别开来例如：_ all visible lights, red light has the longest and violet the shortest wavelength.A Among B OfC For DTo答案为B among更多的是指方位,而这道题是说在所有可见光之中,不是指位置,应该用of。2、比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用：any other +单数名词the other +复数名词the othersanyone / anything else上述词是将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，尤其是other，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。如不能说：John runs faster than anyone.注意与汉语表达的不同。3、most可以用来修饰形容词或副词，意思相当于very，用法区分单复数，但不能用定冠词the，如：a most interesting book, most expensive restaurants，要注意与“the +形容词最高级+of + 名词”的结构表示的最高级的区别，如：He spoke in the warmest of voicesBasketball is the most popular of sports in this country.Chinese is the most difficult of languageChinese is a most difficult language三.不用比较级和最高级的形容词：1)表示颜色的有：white, black2)表示形态的有：round, square, oval, circular, triangular(三角形的)，level3)表示性质和特征的有：atomic, economic, scientific, sonic, golden, silvery, woolen, earthen, silent, full, empty, sure, dead, deaf, blind, lame, rainy4)表示状态作表语的有：afraid, asleep, alive, ashamed, alone, aware, alike5)表示