第10讲 阅读拓展训练T 知识点1：考点概述近年来，高考阅读理解的选材涉及英美国家概况、风土人情等内容的较多。这类题材的阅读材料不仅可以考查学生对英语语言的理解、运用，还可以考查学生对西方文化的理解，藉此提高学生的跨文化交际意识与能力，充分体现高中英语课程标准的教学目标与要求，所以此类题材必然受到命题者的青睐。为此，我们将相关的阅读理解题按不同主题进行梳理分类，为大家作分析介绍。知识点2：专题介绍翻阅近几年的高考阅读理解题，我们会发现有关英美国概况、风土人情的介绍是一个热点题材，如：2004湖南卷的A篇；2004浙江卷的C篇；2005全国卷III 的A篇； 2007重庆卷的C篇；2007上海卷的C篇。2006湖南卷有四篇文章都是对美国风土人情的介绍（A篇是对一本美国畅销书的推介；B篇是对美国人读书习惯的调查和看法；C篇是对美国丛林狼的简介；E篇介绍的是美国女作家Susan Sontag）。2008年高考阅读理解美国风情题材的文章有两篇和美国科罗拉多大峡谷有关，还有一篇介绍威斯康辛州的景点的应用文。近几年来，反映英国风土人情的高考阅读理解文章主要有: 2007山东卷的B篇；2007上海卷的D篇。2008年高考反映英国风土人情的阅读理解更是内容丰富，异彩纷呈，如：全国卷II的 B篇介绍了英国女王伊丽莎白二世半个世纪以来的口音变化；四川卷的B篇谈论英国家庭主妇的巨大作用和贡献；天津卷的B篇则是对具有英国特色的慈善商店的介绍。2014年上海高三一模虽然四选一阅读查考英美文化的不多，如长宁区C篇考察了美国总统选举流程但是几个区在close中考察，比如虹口区静安区等。由此可见命题者高度关注美国题材的倾向。知识点3：应考策略1. 平时要多阅读介绍美国风情的英语材料，了解和熟悉一些基本的背景知识。另外，要特别关注美国的民权运动、特殊节日（如万圣节、感恩节等）、南北战争、经济大萧条、“9 11”等背景知识。虽然很多高考阅读材料并不直接体现以上内容，但却常以这些历史文化知识为背景。2在阅读某一主题时，应积极运用平日积累的背景知识，充分发掘与本主题相关的信息，以便快速进入相应的阅读语境中。3通过平时阅读，了解中西文化的不同，以及由此产生的思维方式、行为方式的不同，以利于准确把握阅读信息，提高做题准确率。1.问题速答： Questions:1. What is the true flag of Scotland? When did it begin to take on again?2. Describe the environment of the northern regions of Scotland with the words in the article or the words of your own.KEYS:1. Tartan is the true flag of Scotland. Over the last few decades it began to take on again.2. beautiful / unspoiled / ( natural) / ( wild)Experiencing ScotlandScotland is a unique and austere place, laden with history, where you can find aristocratic palaces and castles, as well as the traditional parade in national costumes. It has some of the most beautiful cities in Europe, a living testimony of a proud and splendid past.In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what forged the character of this splendid region, we have to go towards the northern regions, to the Grampia Mountains.Beautiful（格兰扁群山） and unspoiled, it was difficult to farm. The Scots subdued the environment with simple spades and strong arms.The history of this ancient struggle, and its peoples ancient love affair with the hard land, is enclosed within the walls of the Angus Folk Museum（安格斯民俗博物馆）. You are able to get a feel of the typical rural atmosphere of times past from the everyday artifacts displayed here .From coastal Aberdeen（阿伯丁） in towards the interior of the Grampian Mountains there runs the Castle Trail（古堡之路）, a road that touches on many fortresses, which are witness of continual revolts against the dominion of neighboring England in Scottish history.Perhaps the most uplifting moment for Scottish autonomy is the one experienced inside this ancient abbey of Arbroath, where, in 1320; the Declaration of Independence （独立宣言）was celebrated, at the instigation of King Robert the Bruce. He carried out the plan for autonomy drawn up by the great popular hero William Wallace, to whom cinema has dedicated the wonderful film Brave Heart, the winner of five Oscars.Glamis Castle（格拉母斯城堡） is often remembered for being the residence of King Macbeth and Queen Elizabethin her childhood. Among the most assiduous guests here are the inevitable ghosts, created by ancient popular beliefs.The true flag of Scotland is tartan, its brightly colored plaid patterns which are used to distinguish the various clans. Over the last few decades this fabric has made a comeback and is part of the daily life of this country.练习题：True or False:1. Southern regions best represent the true soul of Scotland.2. Glamis Castle is often remembered for being residence of King Macbeth and Queen Elizabeth.3. The fortresses along the Castle Trail witness the struggle against England.4. Northern part is futile and easy to farm.KEYS: 1.F2.T3 .T4 .F生词学习：ruralru:rladj. 农村的celebrated selibreitidadj. 著名的，声誉卓著的residencerezidnsn. 住处，住宅，居住autonomy:tnmin. 自治，自治权，自主unspoilednspildadj. 未损坏的，未宠坏的dedicateddedi.keitidadj. 专注的，献身的，专用的flagflgn.旗帜，信号旗vt. (以旗子)标出fabricfbrikn. 织物，结构，构造vt. 构筑enclosedadj. 被附上的；与世隔绝的 v. 附上austere stiadj.朴素的，严峻的，严厉的，苦行的，一丝不苟的splendid splendidadj.壮观的，极好的或令人满意的，为众人所推崇的spade speidn.铁锹，铲子，纸牌中的）黑桃vt.铲revolt rivultvt.（使）厌恶vi.反叛，背叛n.造反，起义uplifting plftadj.令人振奋的instigation nstgenn.煽动，教唆assiduous sdu:sadj.刻苦的，勤勉的，殷勤的，百折不挠的inevitable inevitbladj.不可避免的，必然发生的distinguish distiwivi.区分，辨别，分清，辨别是非vt.区分，辨别2.问题速答：Question：WhichreasonbelowCanNotexplainwhyfengshuiissopopularinUS?A.TheUnitedStatesistrulyanopensociety.B.TheemergenceofChinaasapotentialworldpoliticalandeconomicsuperpower.C.Fengshuiasaneffectivecounterweighttomaterialism.D.ThedoggedeffortsofahandfulofChinesefengshuiexperts.E.Fengshuistheoryandpracticebecomingeasy.KEY: EAmericansLookingToChineseCultureTo Enrich Their Life, the latest Chinese cultural icon to make its impact there is feng shui, Chinas ancient art of