各种词性前后缀1. 常见前缀前缀含义例词en-使可能enrich丰富 enable 使能够，使有机会 enlarge 扩大dis-不，否定dissatisfy使不满意 disappear 消失 disagree 不同意dishonesty不诚实 disadvantage 不利条件un-不unable 不能够 unlucky 不幸的 unhappy 不开心的un+ v.做相反动作undress脱衣服 unload 卸货 uncover 揭开in-im-ir-il-不，非inactive 不活跃的 incorrect 不正确的impolite不礼貌的 impossible不可能的 immoral 不道德的irregular 不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的illogical 不合逻辑的 illegal 非法的non-不，非non-existent不存在的 non-stop 直达的,连续不断的mis-错误的，坏的misunderstand 误解 mislead 误导 misfortune 厄运,不幸Re-重复，再rewrite重写, remarry 再婚super-在上面，超级supermarket 超市 supermodel 超级名模 superstar 超级明星under-在之下underestimate低估 underground 地下的inter-相互，之间international国际的 interact 交流,合作,相互作用semi-半semifinal 半决赛 semicircle半圆 semi-conscious 半昏迷半清醒的multi-多，多种multi-national多国的 multi-colored多种颜色的 multi-cultural多文化的kilo-千kilometer 千米,公里 kilogram 千克tele-远telephone 电话 television 电视a-在上/里向.aboard 在船/火车/飞机上 ahead 在前面aside向旁边 abroad在国外2. 名词后缀后 缀含 义例 词n.+er相关的人farmer 农夫 officer 官员v.+er从事某种职业、进行某种活动的人teacher 教师 worker 工人reader 读者 writer 作家地点名词+er住在某处的人Londoner 伦敦人 villager 村民-ess女actress 女演员 hostess 女主人-or同er-conductor 售票员 visitor 游客 inventor 发明家 actor 演员 survivor 幸存者 editor 编辑-ar同er-beggar 乞丐-ese某国人,某国语Chinese 中国人,汉语 Japanese 日本人,日语-ian从事某职业的人musician 音乐家 physician医师,内科医生-ist从事某职业的人scientist科学家 dentist牙医 pianist 钢琴家 artist 艺术家 communist共产主义者 socialist社会主义者-ment行为的结果argument 争论 judgment判断-ness状态, 情况,特征happiness幸福 illness疾病-tion动作,行为dictation听写 preparation准备-ship身份,状态leadership领导 friendship友谊 citizenship 国籍；公民权-anceacceptance接受 appearance 外表；出现-enceconfidence信息 reference参考n.+ful以该名词容量为单位的量glassful 一杯 mouthful 一口plateful 一盘 spoonful 一羮匙-alrefusal拒绝 denial 抵赖 arrival 到达 approval 赞成；批准 burial 埋葬； 葬礼 survival 幸存-ydifficulty困难 possibility 可能性-ismsocialism社会主义 materialism唯物主义3 . 形容词后缀后 缀例 词-alindustrial 工业的 national国家的,民族的-anEuropean欧洲的 American美国的,美洲的-erneastern东方的 northern北方的 southern南方的-ablereasonable合理的 believable 可相信的 unbearable 难以忍受的-fulcareful仔细的,小心的 cheerful兴高采烈的 beautiful 美丽的-ishchildish孩子般的 selfish自私的 foolish 愚蠢的-iveactive活跃的,积极的 creative创造性的 destructive 破坏的；毁灭性的-ythirsty口渴的 dirty脏的 windy有风的-engolden金色的,金的 wooden木的,木质的 woolen 羊毛的-ouscontinuous持续的 various各种各样的-aryimaginary幻想的 revolutionary革命的-icrealistic现实的 historic历史的-sometroublesome麻烦的 lonesome孤独的, 寂寞的-likechildlike孩子般的,单纯的 womanlike女人般的-lyfriendly友好的 lovely可爱的-lesscareless 粗心的 harmless无害的 homeless 无家可归的 useless 无用的4. 动词后缀后缀含义例 词-en使成为,使具有widen加宽 sharpen削尖 deepen 加深 strengthen 加强shorten 缩短 soften 软化 quicken 加快adj. +ize使变成, 使化Americanize 美国化 civilize 使开化modernize 现代化 nationalize国有化-y使化beautify 美化 simplify简化5. 副词后缀-ly是最常见的副词后缀, 可以附加在形容词后，构成与原形容词意义相同的副词。如：slowly 缓慢地happily高兴地truly 真实地wholly 全部地simply 纯粹地练习1. 动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词是其它词类, 就要将其改为名词, 并注意名词数的变化。(1)Do you know the _ (deep) of the river?(2)His _ (careful) resulted in the terrible accident(3)He is one of the _ (science) who support this theory.答案：(1) depth (2) carelessness (3) scientists2. 动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词, 如果所给单词为动词，就要看该动词是否有名词形式，如果有名词形式，就用其名词形式；如果该动词没有名词形式，就用其动名词。如：(1)Please pay _ (attend) to your handwriting.(2) His _ (arrive) made the situation worse.(3)The teacher was angry at my _ (come) late.答案：(1) attention (2) arrival (3) coming3. 动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。如果所需词为副词时, 还要考虑副词级的变化。如：(1)The boy ran _ (quick) to school.(2)“Whats that?” Father shouted _ (angry).(3)The little girl is _（extreme）eager to know the result of the exam。(4). He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” _ (height).答案：(1) quickly (2) angrily (3) extremely (4) higher4. 在名词前作定语，在系动词后做表语，以及作主语或宾语的补足语时，通常要用形容词 如果所需词为形容词时, 还要考虑形容词级的变化。(1) Whats the _ (width) river in the world?(2) The _ (strength) we become, the more modest we should be.答案：(1) widest (2) stronger5即时训练单句填空：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Mary was very _ at the news, so she looked _ at her husband, her eyes full of _ (sad).2. He _football very well and he was one of the best _ in yesterdays football match. (play)3. Look! How _ Kate is laughing! She seems to be the _ girl in the world (happy).4. To our _, the headmaster was very _ with our report. (satisfy)5. Edison was a great _. During his life he had many _. (invent)6. I should _ my task and make it _ to finish it. (simple)7. The boy having the _ of being half starved _, never to be seen again. (appear)8. The police _ the pot and _ a plot against the President. (cover)9. You are so _ to help me. Thank you for your _. (kindly)