精品文档_银行招聘考试(面试部分)-相同项单选集1、Everyproductonthemarkethasavarietyofcostsbuiltintoitbeforeitiseverputupforsaletoacustomer.Therearecostsofproduction,transportation,storage,advertising,andmore.Eachofthesecostsmustbringinsomeprofitateachstage:truckersmustprofitfromtransportingproducts,ortheywouldnotbeinbusiness.Thus,costsalsoincludeseverallayersofprofits.Thesellingpriceofaproductmusttakeallofthesecosts(andbuiltinprofits)intoconsideration.Thesellingpriceitselfconsistsofamarkupoverthetotalofallcosts,anditisnormallybasedonapercentageofthetotalcost.Themarkupmaybequitehigh,90percentofcost,oritmaybelow.Groceryitemsmasupermarketusuallyhavealowmarkup,whileminkcoatshaveaveryhighone.Highmarkups,however,donotinthemselvesguaranteebigprofits.Profitscomefromturnover.Ifanitemhasa50percentmarkupanddoesnotsell,thereisnoprofit.Butifacerealhasan8percentmarkupandsellsverywell,therearereasonableprofits.Whilemostpricingisbasedoncostfactors,therearesomeexceptions.Prestigepricingmeanssettingpricesartificiallyhighinordertoattractselectclientele.Suchpricingattemptstosuggestthatthequalityorstyleoftheproductisexceptionalorthattheitemcannotbefoundelsewhere.Storescanuseprestigepricingtoattractwealthyshoppers.Leaderpricingandbaitpricingaretheoppositesofprestigepricing.Leaderpricingmeanssettinglowpricesoncertainitemstogetpeopletocomeintothestores.Theproductssopricedarecalledlossleadersbecauselittleornoprofitcanbemadeonthem.Theprofitsaremadefromotherproductspeoplebuywhileinthestore.Baitpricing,nowgenerallyconsideredillegal,meanssettingartificiallylowpricestoattractcustomers.Thestore,however,hasnointentionofsellinggoodsatthebaitprices.Thepointistogetpeopleintothestoreandpersuadethemoftheinferiorityofthelowpriceditem.Thenahigherpriceditemispresentedasabetteralternative.Acommonretailtacticisoddpricedproducts.Forsomeproductsof$300,thestorewillsetthepriceat$295or$299.95togivetheappearanceofalowerprice.Automobilesandotherhighpricedproductsareusuallypricedinthismanner.Forsomereason$7995hasmoreappealtoapotentialcarcustomerthan$8000.Bidpricingisaspecialkindofpricesetting.Itisoftenusedintheawardingofgovernmentcontracts.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitbidsonajob,andnormallythelowestbidderwins.Aschoolsystemmaywanttobuyalargenumberofcomputers.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitprices,andtheschooldistrictwilldecideonthebestbidbasedaswellonconsiderationsofqualityandservice.Inthefirstparagraph,”markup”mostprobablymeans_.A.theamountbywhichapriceisraisedB.marginC.turnoverD.netprofits2、Everyproductonthemarkethasavarietyofcostsbuiltintoitbeforeitiseverputupforsaletoacustomer.Therearecostsofproduction,transportation,storage,advertising,andmore.Eachofthesecostsmustbringinsomeprofitateachstage:truckersmustprofitfromtransportingproducts,ortheywouldnotbeinbusiness.Thus,costsalsoincludeseverallayersofprofits.Thesellingpriceofaproductmusttakeallofthesecosts(andbuiltinprofits)intoconsideration.Thesellingpriceitselfconsistsofamarkupoverthetotalofallcosts,anditisnormallybasedonapercentageofthetotalcost.Themarkupmaybequitehigh,90percentofcost,oritmaybelow.Groceryitemsmasupermarketusuallyhavealowmarkup,whileminkcoatshaveaveryhighone.Highmarkups,however,donotinthemselvesguaranteebigprofits.Profitscomefromturnover.Ifanitemhasa50percentmarkupanddoesnotsell,thereisnoprofit.Butifacerealhasan8percentmarkupandsellsverywell,therearereasonableprofits.Whilemostpricingisbasedoncostfactors,therearesomeexceptions.Prestigepricingmeanssettingpricesartificiallyhighinordertoattractselectclientele.Suchpricingattemptstosuggestthatthequalityorstyleoftheproductisexceptionalorthattheitemcannotbefoundelsewhere.Storescanuseprestigepricingtoattractwealthyshoppers.Leaderpricingandbaitpricingaretheoppositesofprestigepricing.Leaderpricingmeanssettinglowpricesoncertainitemstogetpeopletocomeintothestores.Theproductssopricedarecalledlossleadersbecauselittleornoprofitcanbemadeonthem.Theprofitsaremadefromotherproductspeoplebuywhileinthestore.Baitpricing,nowgenerallyconsideredillegal,meanssettingartificiallylowpricestoattractcustomers.Thestore,however,hasnointentionofsellinggoodsatthebaitprices.Thepointistogetpeopleintothestoreandpersuadethemoftheinferiorityofthelowpriceditem.Thenahigherpriceditemispresentedasabetteralternative.Acommonretailtacticisoddpricedproducts.Forsomeproductsof$300,thestorewillsetthepriceat$295or$299.95togivetheappearanceofalowerprice.Automobilesandotherhighpricedproductsareusuallypricedinthismanner.Forsomereason$7995hasmoreappealtoapotentialcarcustomerthan$8000.Bidpricingisaspecialkindofpricesetting.Itisoftenusedintheawardingofgovernmentcontracts.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitbidsonajob,andnormallythelowestbidderwins.Aschoolsystemmaywanttobuyalargenumberofcomputers.Severalcompaniesareaskedtosubmitprices,andtheschooldistrictwilldecideonthebestbidbasedaswellonconsiderationsofquality