精品文档_卫生类-相同项单选集1、LivingStandardsThedifferencesinlivingstandardsaroundtheworldarevast.In1993,theaverageAmericanhadanincomeofabout$25,000.Inthesameyear,theaverageMexicanearned$7,000,andtheaverageNigerianearned$1,500.Notsurprisingly,thislargevariationinaverageincomeisreflectedinvariousmeasuresofthequalityoflife.Changesinlivingstandardsovertimearealsolarge.IntheUnitedStates,incomeshavehistoricallygrownabout2percentperyear(afteradjustingforchangesinthecostofliving).Atthisrate,averageincomedoublesevery35years.Insomecountries,economicgrowthhasbeenevenmorerapid.InJapan,forinstance,averageincomehasdoubledinthepast20years,andinSouthKoreaithasdoubledinthepast10years.WhatexplainstheselargedifferencesinlivingstandardsamongcountriesandovertimeTheanswerissurprisinglysimple.Almostallvariationinlivingstandardsisattributabletodifferencesincountriesproductivity-thatis,theamountofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachhourofaworkerstime.Innationswhereworkerscanproducealargequantityofgoodsandservicesperunitoftime,mostpeopleenjoyahighstandardofliving;innationswhereworkersarelessproductive,mostpeoplemustendureamoremeagerexistence.Similarly,thegrowthrateofanationsproductivitydeterminesthegrowthrateofitsaverageincome.Thefundamentalrelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsissimple,butitsimplicationsarefar-reaching.Ifproductivityistheprimarydeterminantoflivingstandards,otherexplanationsmustbeofsecondaryimportance.Forexample,peoplemightthinkthatlaborunionsorminimum-wagelawscontributedtotheriseinlivingstandardsofAmericanworkersoverthepastcentury.YettherealheroofAmericanworkersistheirrisingproductivity.Therelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsalsohasgreatimplicationsforpublicpolicy.Whenthinkingabouthowanypolicywillaffectlivingstandards,thekeyquestionishowitwillaffectourabilitytoproducegoodsandservices.Toimprovelivingstandards,policymakersneedtoraiseproductivitybyensuringthatworkersarewelleducated,havethetoolsneededtoproducegoodsandservices,andhaveaccesstothebestavailabletechnology.WhichofthefollowingcountrieshasenjoyedthefastesteconomicgrowthinhistoryA.Mexico.B.TheUnitedStates.C.Japan.D.SouthKorea.2、LivingStandardsThedifferencesinlivingstandardsaroundtheworldarevast.In1993,theaverageAmericanhadanincomeofabout$25,000.Inthesameyear,theaverageMexicanearned$7,000,andtheaverageNigerianearned$1,500.Notsurprisingly,thislargevariationinaverageincomeisreflectedinvariousmeasuresofthequalityoflife.Changesinlivingstandardsovertimearealsolarge.IntheUnitedStates,incomeshavehistoricallygrownabout2percentperyear(afteradjustingforchangesinthecostofliving).Atthisrate,averageincomedoublesevery35years.Insomecountries,economicgrowthhasbeenevenmorerapid.InJapan,forinstance,averageincomehasdoubledinthepast20years,andinSouthKoreaithasdoubledinthepast10years.WhatexplainstheselargedifferencesinlivingstandardsamongcountriesandovertimeTheanswerissurprisinglysimple.Almostallvariationinlivingstandardsisattributabletodifferencesincountriesproductivity-thatis,theamountofgoodsandservicesproducedfromeachhourofaworkerstime.Innationswhereworkerscanproducealargequantityofgoodsandservicesperunitoftime,mostpeopleenjoyahighstandardofliving;innationswhereworkersarelessproductive,mostpeoplemustendureamoremeagerexistence.Similarly,thegrowthrateofanationsproductivitydeterminesthegrowthrateofitsaverageincome.Thefundamentalrelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsissimple,butitsimplicationsarefar-reaching.Ifproductivityistheprimarydeterminantoflivingstandards,otherexplanationsmustbeofsecondaryimportance.Forexample,peoplemightthinkthatlaborunionsorminimum-wagelawscontributedtotheriseinlivingstandardsofAmericanworkersoverthepastcentury.YettherealheroofAmericanworkersistheirrisingproductivity.Therelationshipbetweenproductivityandlivingstandardsalsohasgreatimplicationsforpublicpolicy.Whenthinkingabouthowanypolicywillaffectlivingstandards,thekeyquestionishowitwillaffectourabilitytoproducegoodsandservices.Toimprovelivingstandards,policymakersneedtoraiseproductivitybyensuringthatworkersarewelleducated,havethetoolsneededtoproducegoodsandservices,andhaveaccesstothebestavailabletechnology.Theword”meager”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_.A.modestB.poorC.meaninglessD.plentiful3、LivingStandardsThedifferencesinlivingstandardsaroundtheworldarevast.In1993,theaverageAmericanhadanincomeofabout$25,000.Inthesameyear,theaverageMexicanearned$7,000,andtheaverageNigerianearned$1,500.Notsurprisingly,thislargevariationinaverageincomeisreflectedinvariousmeasuresofthequalityoflife.Changesinlivingstandardsovertimearealsolarge.IntheUnitedStates,incomeshavehistoricallygrownabout2percentperyear(afteradjustingforchangesinthecostofliving).Atthisrate,averageincomedoublesevery35years.Insomecountries,economicgrowthhasbeenevenmorerapid.InJapan,forinstance,