第 1 页 版权所有 不得复制年 级 初三 学 科 英语 版 本 外研社（初中起点）内容标题 寒假专题宾语从句编稿老师 张晓光【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：寒假专题宾语从句（一）宾语从句的种类宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中做及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语的从句的连词不同，宾语从句可分为三类。1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。that 只有语法作用，没有实在意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。常用动词有 say, agree, answer, believe, complain, decide, explain, know, hope, notice, order, think, report.等。例如：He said (that) Kate was good at swimming.He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill.I am sure (that) he will succeed.2. 由连接代词 who, whom, whose, what, which 和连接副词 when(指时间)，where(指地点)，why(表原因 )， how（表方式）引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分，关系代词在句中作主语，定语等副词在句中作状语。常用动词有 advise, ask, discover, discuss, doubt, find out, imagine, know, show, tell, wonder 等。例如：Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?He asked whose handwriting was the best.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?I dont know why the train is late.3. 由 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句。if 和 whether 在句中的意思是“是否” ，不作句子成分，但不能省略。例如：I want to know if (whether) he lives there.He asked me whether (if) I could help him.（二）宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序，把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，要特别注意从句的语序，即按照主语、谓语的顺序。例如：What is her address? Do you know? = Do you know what her address is ?I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.（三）宾语从句的时态第 2 页 版权所有 不得复制1. 如果主语的时态是一般现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时） ，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?Im sure that she will come and join us.2. 如果主语的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时） 。He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meeting.He asked if you had written to Peter.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.He remembered he had left his umbrella in the library.3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理、事实，即使主句是过去时，其时态常用一般现在时。Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.4. 在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词移至主句谓语上，而将从句谓语变为肯定形式。I dont suppose it is the rush hour yet.我看还没到（交通）高峰期。Im sorry, but I dont think I know you.对不起，但是我想我不认识你。（四）宾语从句的连接词（1）当宾语从句是陈述句时，用 that 引导。She was a good girl, the teacher told us.=The teacher told us (that)she was a good girl.老师告诉我们她是一个好女孩.注意：引导词 that 用于下列情况时不可省略：当宾语从句的主语是 that 时。He says that that is a useful book.当从句前有插入语时。It says, on the card, that it is made in China.当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it.当有两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，除第一个从句中的 that 可以省略外，其余从句中的 that 都不可以省略。He said (that) the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.（2）当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，构成宾语从句用 whether 或 if 连接，句尾的标点符号取决于主句。Are you from Japan ? He asked me.=He asked me if/whether Im from Japan .他问我是不是来自日本。Do you like watching TV? He asked me.=He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV.第 3 页 版权所有 不得复制他问我是否喜欢看电视。（3）当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，连接词就用原来的疑问词，但一定要注意用陈述句语序。When did he leave for Japan? Could you tell me? = Could you tell me when he left for Japan?你能告诉我他什么时候到日本吗？（五）宾语从句的简化（1）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 hope, wish, decide, agree, choose 等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。（2）当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn 等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.她不知道下一步该怎么办？（3）当主句的谓语动词是 ask, tell, show, teach 等，且宾语从句的主语和句子的间接宾语一致时，从句可简化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。Will you please show me how I can work it out?= Will you please show me how to work it out?请你告诉我怎样把它解出来好吗？（4）动词 seem 后的宾语从句可用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。一般地，通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语，seem( 适当时态形式) 作谓语。It seems that football is very interesting.=Football seems to be very interesting.足球似乎非常有趣。（5）宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。I dont believe what Tom said.=I dont believe Toms words.我不相信汤姆所说的话。（6）用复合宾语，即宾语加宾语补足语改写。I saw he went into that house just now. I saw him go into that house just now.Toms mother found he was a very good pupil. Toms mother found him a very good pupil.I heard she was singing in English. I heard her singing in English.（7）用动名词改写，宾语从句动作先于主句动作。I remembered that I had given the book to him. I remembered giving the book to him.（8）用“被动结构+不定式”改写，主句谓语动词一般为 think, say 等。I think he is a good boy. He is thought to be a good boy.【模拟试题】 （答题时间：30 分钟）I. 单选。1. Do you know during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what Tom will do C. what Tom did 2. I want to know .A. what is his name B. that his name is C. what his name is3. Do you know I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what第 4 页 版权所有 不得复制4. Jim doesnt understand .A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museum5. Could you tell me she is looking for?A. that B. whose C. who6. Mr King didn