被动语态 一、什么是语态？ 语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和 谓语动词之间的关系。 二、语态的种类：,（1）主动语态 （2）被动语态,三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？ 四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）,be + 及物动词的过去分词 can/may/must+ be +过去分词,1,苍松优选,am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 2) has /have been done 现在完成时 3)am/is /are being done 现在进行时 4)was/were done 一般过去时 5)had been done 过去完成时,All the preparations for the task have been completed,A new cinema is being built here,I was given ten minutes to decide.,By the end of last year, another new gym had been completed in Beijing.,2,苍松优选,1 We clean our classroom every day. 2, People prodoce tea in the south. 3, She waters the flowers twice a week. 4 , They sell good bikes in this shop. 5, Ordinary people cause a lot of air pollution. 6, Teachers teach English in our school 时态 单复数 用不用 by 短语 理解,3,苍松优选,1, She ceaned all the desks today. 2,We bought our new TV in this shop. 3, People planted 5000 trees there. 4, The teacher told him to do it again. 5, We will build a new school here. 6, We are going to raise money for protecting our environment. 7, She is going to take all the books there. 8, We can clean our room this afternoon. 9, They must do their homework today. 10, We have to finish the work taday.,4,苍松优选,1, We have finished all that work taday. 2, He has returned all the books to him. 3, They are cleaning the room now. 4, She is selling the green apples. 5, We saw him go there by himself. 6, She makes her son read English every morning. 7, She _ ( tell) to go there yesterday. 8, The boy _ ( take ) to the hospital at once. 9, The work must _ ( do ) this week.,5,苍松优选,6)was/were being done 过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时 8） should/would be done 过去将来时 被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构 其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。,A meeting was being held when I was there.,Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.,The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.,The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.,6,苍松优选,It is said that the boy has passed the national exam,The boy is said to have passed the national exam,7,苍松优选,5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题 1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来 的时态。如：She often cleans the house. The house is often cleaned by her. 2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时， 通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）,His mother gave him a present for his birthday,He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.,8,苍松优选,3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时， 将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.,Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）,=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.,4）在使役动词have, make, get以及 感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等变为被动结构时，要加to,Someone saw a stranger walk into the building,=A stranger was seen to walk into the building.,9,苍松优选,5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组， 如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等， 也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体， 不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。,The meeting is to be put off till Friday,10,苍松优选,一、系动词 taste, smell, feel, sound, prove 等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:,1这些花闻起来很香。 2那听起来很有道理。 3那食物尝起来很可口。,These flowers smell sweet.,That sounds very reasonable.,The food tastes delicious.,11,苍松优选,二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动 词，如move, lock, shut, open 等可用主动 形式表达被动意义。如：,1盒子不能移动。 2门不会关。,The box cant move.,The door wont shut.,12,苍松优选,三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能 的不及物动词，如 sell, write, wash, clean, last(耐久), wear(耐穿), 等可用主动形式表 达被动意义. 如:,This kind of food sells well. 这种食物畅销。,This cloth washes well and lasts long. 这布料经洗、耐穿。,The floor doesnt clean easily. 这地板不容易弄干净。,13,苍松优选,五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主 动形式表示被动意义。如：,1小说值得一读。 2事情值得做。,The novel is worth reading.,The thing is worth doing.,14,苍松优选,四、在动词 require, need, want 等动词之 后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。,1树需要浇水。 2孩子需要照顾。 3电视机需要修理。,The trees need watering.,Children want looking after.,The TV needs mending.,15,苍松优选,六、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义：,不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词构成 动宾关系时，如：,我有许多事情要做。 他有几项任务要完成。,I have a lot of things to do.,He has several tasks to complete.,16,苍松优选,2. 在“系动词+形容词+不定式”结构中， 常见句型有：,n. +be + too + adj. + to do The plane is too high to see. 2) n. +be + adj. + enough + to do The book is cheap enough for me to buy. 3) n. + be + adj. + to do The question is not easy to answer.,17,苍松优选,课堂练习 （一）改写句子 1. We plant trees in spring every year. _ by us in spring every year. 2. She posted the letter yesterday. _ by her yesterday. 3. Mr Turner gave me a birthday present. _a birthday present by Mr Turner. 4. He is drawing a picture. _ by him. 5. You may hand in your homework tomorrow. _ by you tomorrow. 6. She is going to write a letter. _ by her.,Trees are planted,The letter was posted,I was given,A picture is being drawn,Your homework may be handed in,A letter is going to be written,18,苍松优选,7. I have given you the new book. _ to you. 8. Her bag cannot be found by her. _ her bag. 9. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? _Russian songs by you? 10. She doesnt let her son swim in the river. _ in the river by her. 11. The bridge was being built by them at this time last year. _ the bridge at this time last year. 12. Does she often sing the song? _ by her?,The new book has been given,She cannot find,Is she often heard to sing,Her son isnt let to swim,They were building,Is the song often sung,19,苍松优选,1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even a