He laughs best who laughs last.(idiom),谁笑到最后， 谁笑得最好,A relative clause (定语从句),Lesson 3 Marco Polo,Unit 8 Adventure,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,Period 3 Defining and non-defining relative clauses,Comparison and summary,1. Marco was lucky enough to meet another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. 2. The prisoner, who is an author, took dictation while Marco told all his stories to him.,读出从句部分（形式）,翻译,对号入座 （作用）,Which of the clauses above gives: (1) information to identify the person or object?(defining clause) (2) extra information about a person or object, which can be left out.(non-defining clause),限定,省略,Defining clause,Non-defining clause,限定作用， 不可省略,补充说明， 可以省略,.的,翻成并列句,无逗号,有逗号,Practice: 1. His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 2. His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.,Defining clause,Non-defining clause,Practice and Summary.,Marco left a deep impression on the emperor, _ asked him to serve in his court. 2. Finally, they arrived in China, _ was ruled by the Yuan Dynasty Emperor, Kublai Khan. 3. The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book, _ name is The Description of the World. 4.A lot of people, many of _thought that Marcos stories were too fantastic to be true, enjoyed his book.,who,which,whose,whom,5.Not long after his return, a local war broke out , _ Marco was caught by the enemy and put into prison. 6.Some inventions and developments were not available in Europe, _ people paid for goods with gold or silver. 7. In my view, Marcos experiences in China were quite fantastic, _ people loved reading them.,where/in which,for which,when/during which,Although people enjoyed reading his book, many of them thought that Marcos stories about China were too fantastic to be true. (文中) A lot of people, many of whom thought that Marcos stories were too fantastic to be true, enjoyed his book.(填空练习),主句,非限制性定语从句,区分划线部分,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,介词+which,介词+which,What do the underlined words refer to?,Observation and Summary.,The girls were smiling so happily, which made the two pictures leave a deep impression on me.,指”整件事”,I took a number of pictures with my dear students , after which I hurried to pick up my daughter .,介词后,指”整件事”,As/Which is known to all, the uniform of Class 16 is the most fashionable one.,指”整件事”,Li Min and Fan Rongrong are good friends , as we can see from this picture.,正如/就像,指”整件事”,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,a,介词+which,介词+which,指代整个 或部分句子,a,a,as,正如，就像,不能放介词后,不放句首,Practice 1. _ is often the case, the relationship between a son and his father changes over time. 2. He didnt tell the truth, _ made his mother angry.,As,which,A game,As is known to all, he has a talent for business and he is a household name in China.,家喻户晓的,2. He had met a variety of difficulties in his life, after which he set up the well-known company in 1999.,3. His company created a super website, where various products are sold around the world.,on which,马云,Your own idol,1.Make some sentences to describe your idol and we will guess who he/she is. 2. Non-defining relative clause must be included.,BeeFly (蜜蜂出行),Writing,Introduce little bees to your pen pal with non-defining relative clause.,Electric bicycle,The electric bicycles were introduced into Wuwei last Friday, when many residents felt quite excited.,= on which,扫二维码: scan a QR code,1500,Homework,Polish your writing!,Thanks!,