PowerPoint Presentation by Charlie Cook Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.,L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.,Understanding Groups Define the different types of groups. Describe the five stage of group development. Explaining Work Group Behavior Explain the major components that determine group performance and satisfaction. Discuss how roles, norms, conformity, status systems, group size, and group cohesiveness influence group behavior. Tell how group norms can both help and hurt an organization. Define group think and social loafing.,2,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (contd) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter.,Explaining Work Group Behavior (contd) Describe the relationships between group cohesiveness and productivity. Discuss how conflict management influences group behavior. Tell the advantages and disadvantages of group decision making. Creating Effective Teams Compare groups and teams Explain why teams have become so popular. Describe the four most common types of teams. List the characteristics of effective teams.,3,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Understanding Groups,Group Two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve particular goals. Formal groups Work groups defined by the organizations structure that have designated work assignments and tasks. Appropriate behaviors are defined by and directed toward organizational goals. Informal groups Groups that are independently formed to meet the social needs of their members.,4,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Stages in Group Development,Forming Members join and begin the process of defining the groups purpose, structure, and leadership. Storming Intragroup conflict occurs as individuals resist control by the group and disagree over leadership. Norming Close relationships develop as the group becomes cohesive and establishes its norms for acceptable behavior.,Performing A fully functional group structure allows the group to focus on performing the task at hand. Adjourning The group prepares to disband and is no longer concerned with high levels of performance.,5,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Work Group Behavior,Internal Variables Affecting Group Behavior The individual abilities of the groups members The size of the group The level of conflict The internal pressures on members to conform o the groups norms,6,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Conditions Affecting Group Behavior,External (Organizational) Conditions Overall strategy Authority structures Formal regulations Available organizational resources Employee selection criteria Performance management (appraisal) system Organizational culture General physical layout,Internal Group Variables Individual competencies and traits of members Group structure Size of the group Cohesiveness and the level of intragroup conflict Internal pressures on members to conform o the groups norms,7,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Group Structure,Role The set of expected behavior patterns attributed to someone who occupies a given position in a social unit that assist the group in task accomplishment or maintaining group member satisfaction. Role conflict: experiencing differing role expectations Role ambiguity: uncertainty about role expectations,8,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Group Structure (contd),Norms Acceptable standards or expectations that are shared by the groups members. Common types of norms Effort and performance Output levels, absenteeism, promptness, socializing Dress Loyalty,9,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Group Structure (contd),Conformity Individuals conform in order to be accepted by groups. Group pressures can have an effect on an individual members judgment and attitudes. The effect of conformity is not as strong as it once was, although still a powerful force. Groupthink The extensive pressure of others in a strongly cohesive or threatened group that causes individual members to change their opinions to conform to that of the group.,10,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Group Structure (contd),Status System The formal or informal prestige grading, position, or ranking system for members of a group that serves as recognition for individual contributions to the group and as a behavioral motivator. Formal status systems are effective when the perceived ranking of an individual and the status symbols accorded that individual are congruent.,11,Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. *,Group Structure: Group Size,Small groups Complete tasks faster than larger groups. Make more effective use of facts. Large groups Solve problems better than small groups. Are good for getting diverse input A