考点04 代词【复习建议】 1. 掌握冠词的基本用法；2. 掌握冠词的习惯用法；3. 掌握冠词的活用；4. 多做练习，提高熟悉语境的能力。代词的考查要点代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。一、 人称代词1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。I met her in the hospital.It was her who I met in the hospital.在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别：I like Jack as much as her.I like both Jack and her.I like Jack as much as she.I like Jack and she likes him，too.2.两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，I总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You，she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.1.（2018新课标卷II短文改错）As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【答案】us改为me【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。2. （2018新课标卷III语法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。二、 物主代词1.注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。2.ones own.of ones own句式的转换。3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg三、 反身代词1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。devote oneself to致力于dress oneself自己穿衣enjoy oneself过得快活feel oneself觉得正常3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。for oneself为自己；独立地of oneself自然地；自动地by oneself独自地in oneself本身1.（2019新课标卷III短文改错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.【答案】yourselves改为themselves【解析】考查代词的用法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。2.（2019北京卷语法填空）Nervously _facing_ (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to _3_(I) the two simple words “Be yourself”.【答案】myself 【解析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。3.（2018新课标卷III短文改错）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.【答案】myself改为my/the【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。四、 相互代词(each other，one another)相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each others，one anothers，作定语。一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词so。Can hard work change a person that much?考向1 对替代词的考查1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法)代词用法it特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物that可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于the one。其复数形式为those，相当于the onesone指代前面出现过的那类事物中的一个，其复数形式为onesthose指the名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)Did you get a ticket?你搞到票了吗？Yes, I managed to get one.是的，我设法搞到了一张。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。Studying Wendys menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonalds.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。The weather here is too cold. I dont like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。说明：one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：只能用that只能用onethat既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。one只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用onethe ones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况下。The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。但是，the ones中的ones根据情况可用形容词修饰，而those不可以。Which do you want?你想要哪个?Ill have the red ones.我要红色的。Dont buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。【知识链接】1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：I think my dogs the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。Either (one) will suit me. (这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。Lets have another (one). 咱们再来一个吧。She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。Which (one) would you like?That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?看起来那个最好。2. 复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等词修饰。如：Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? (不能说：some ones?)Do you have any new diaries?We dont have any at the moment. 你有没有