第四节 定语从句 3 课时一 定义及理解要点在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句,如：The boy who is standing there is my brother.A plane is a machine that can fly.注意一个顺序，理解一个功能顺序：先行词（所修饰词）+关系词+ 定语从句其他部分功能：即关系词的功能：指代先行词，同时又在定语从句中担任一个成分。二 关系词的选用关系词指代从句中成分关系代词/关系副词例 句人 主语who/that She is the girl who sings the best of all.人 宾语whom/that/省略Whos the man (whom/ that) you are just talking to?人 定语whose This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher.物 主语Which/that A bookstore is a store which/that sells books.物 宾语Which/that/省略This is the letter(which / that )I received from my mother.物 定语Whose/the n. of whichI live in the house whose window faces north./ I live in the house the window of which faces north.物（地点性）状语Where This is the room where Lu Xun once lived.物（时间性）状语When I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.物（原因性）the 状语Why That is the reason why I must go now.reason物（方式性）the way状语In which/ that/省略I dont like the way that he treats me.如何选用关系词?二看: 一看它指代的是人还是物, 二看它在从句中担任什么成分?例:1.The book _ I am reading is very interesting.2.The children _ are standing there are her classmates.3.Ill never forget the day _ I joined the Youth League.4.This is the house _ I lived two years ago.5.This is the book _ cover is missing.三几点说明1.当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时,如果作动词或介词放后的宾语, 关系词常可以省略; 如果介词放在先行词与关系词之间, 此时关系词只用 which 或 whom, 且不可以省略.This is the room we lived in.This is the room in which we lived.2.当先行词是 the place, the room 等地点性或 the time, the day 等时间性的词时, 如果关系词在定语从句中作宾语,用 which/that/省略; 如果关系词在定语从句中作地点状语或时间状语,用where, when;This is the place _Lu Xun once lived.This is the place _Lu Xun once lived in.This is the place in _Lu Xun once lived.This is the place _Lu Xun once visited.I will never forget the time _we stayed together.I will never forget the time during _we stayed together.I will never forget the time _we spent together.判别标准：看从句中的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。“介词which”where, when, why3.在非限制性定语从句中,一般用 “, ”把主句和从句分开.不用 that,而且也不能省略.I have two sisters, _ are both students.I have lost the pen, _ I like very much. 四特别注意的几种定语从句that 引导that 在定语从句中可以指人指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。但不能作介词放前的宾语。如：The letter that I received was from my father.注意在以下场合必须用 that 引导的定语从句。 先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much , something, nothing 等，例如：All that we have to do is to practise every day. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。如：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 先行词被 all, few, little, much ,some, every 等所修饰。如：I have read all the book that you gave me. 先行词 the only, the very, the same, the last 所修饰。如：He is the only person that I want to talk to. 先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered. 句中已 who 有时，为避免混淆。如：Who is the man that is talking to John?思考：在什么场合下，用 which，而不用that？as 引导 as 可用作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并常在从句中作主语、表语、状语、宾语。构成 suchas, the same 。 。 。as 等结构。表同一类。如：I like the same book as you do.(as 作宾语)I shall do it in the same way as you did.( as 作状语)I want to have such a dictionary as he has.( as作宾语) 引导非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，此时，指代整个主句，可放在句首、句中。As we all know, he studies very hard.(as 代表整个句子，作宾语)As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. .(as 代表整个句子，作主语)= he is the best student in our class, which is known to all.(which as, 这个情况下可转换)The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. (as 代表整个句子，作表语)常用的这类类似插入语的句式有 as is said above, as is already mentioned above, as is known to all, as is often the case, as is reported in the newspaper 等。注意：as 指代整个句子时和 which 的区别是：which 不能放于句首，而 as 则可以；有 “正如” 、 “就象”之意，而 which 常翻译“这” ， “这一点” 。而且， 所以， 引导非限定性定语从句时， 同一类事物用 as, 不同的事物， 用 whichA war is too cruel that it always causes great loss, _ has happened in Iraq and other countries. A what B. as C. which D. one答案： B as