2010 年 9 月 5 日练习材料1. E-C Translation. (上海交大 2005 研，考试科目: 英语水平考试)Defining the meaning tautological with to define of “happiness” is a perplexing proposition 口语事情，工作；家伙, /【逻辑学】命题；【修辞学】主题；【数学】定理 (cf. proposal, to propose)。 rev. the definition of happiness is a perplexing proposition.: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme. To think happiness as the joy of a holy man of India will do to set spiritual extreme. He sits completely still, contemplating the nature of reality, free even of his own body. If admires?admirers? bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves. Why be concerned? What is physical is trivial to him. To contemplate is his joy and he achieves complete mental focus through an incredibly demanding discipline 修行， 修真养性， 训练，锻炼；磨炼；修养；教养。 , the accomplishment of which is itself a joy to him.Is he a happy man? Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion. But who take it from him? And who will dare say it is more false than happiness paid for through an installment planinstallments.Although the holy mans 【圣人】concept of happiness may enjoy considerable prestige in the Orient, I doubt OR doubt about/of the existence of such motionless happiness. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be tortures to almost anyone almost all, nearly all, or virtually everyone/anyone of or with, or by Western temperaments. Yet these extremes will miss out still - 2 -serve to define the an area the boundary within which where all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau 索罗had his own firm sense of that this balance: save on the petty in order to spend on the essential.2. Translate the passage into Chinese. (北京大学 2007 研，考试科目：专业能力)A strong common sense, which it is not easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for a thousand years: a rude strength newly applied to thought, as of sailors and soldiers who had lately learned to read. They have no fancy, and never are surprised into a covert or witty word, such as pleased the Athenians and Italians, and was convertible into a fable not long after; but they delight in strong 1 earthy expressions, not mistakable, coarsely true to the human body, and, though spoken among princes, equally fit and welcome to the mob. This homeliness, veracity, and plain style, appear in the earliest extant ekstnt, ekstnt works, and in the latest as well. It imports into songs and ballads the smell of the earth, the breath of cattle, and, like a Dutch painter, seeks a household charm, though by pails 提桶 and pans. They ask their constitutional utility in verse. The kail2 and herrings are never out of sight. The poet nimbly recovers himself from every sally3 of the imagination. The English muse Muse loves the farmyard, the lane, and market. She says, with De Stael4, “I tramp in the mire with wooden shoes, whenever they would force me into the clouds.” For, the Englishman has accurate perception; takes hold of things by the right end, 1 Adverb as well, 坚强地，有力地，大大地，猛烈地。 come it strong go it strong 俚语大干，盲干，拼命干 ( That is coming it rather strong. 太过分；非分要求 )。 go strong 口语健康；旺盛；吃香；强硬。 put it strong 骂，说得刻薄。2 i.e., kale，1.【植物；植物学】羽衣甘蓝。3 (感情等的)迸发，突发。4 Unknown, spelling questioned.拓界英语 2011 翻译写作批改讲评班练习材料一 9/21/2017/8/29共 3 页 - 3 -and there is no slipperiness in his grasp cf. grip. He loves the axe, the spade, the oar, the gun, the steampipe: he has built the engine he uses. He is materialist, economical, and mercantile. He must be treated with sincerity and reality, with muffins5, and not the promise of muffins; and prefers his hot chop6, with perfect security and convenience in the eating if sic.surplus it, to the chances of the amplest and Frenchiest sic. Frenchest? bill of fare7, engraved on embossed8 paper. When he is intellectual, and a poet or a philosopher, he carries the same hard truth and the same keen machinery into the mental sphere. His mind must stand on a fact. He will not be baffled, or catch at clouds, but the mind must have a symbol palpable and resisting. ? What he relishes in Dante, is the vice-like tenacity with which he holds a mental image before the eyes, as if it were a scutcheon 名号牌子.盾形标牌；盾饰。painted on a shield. Byron “liked something craggy to break his mind upon.” A taste for plain strong speech 【p & s】, what is called a biblical style, marks the English. It is in Alfred, and the Saxon Chronicle, and in the Sagas of the Northman. Latimer? was homely. Hobbes was perfect in the “noble vulgar speech.” Donne 多恩, Bunyan, Milton, Taylor, Evelyn 伊夫林, Pepys佩皮斯, hooker 胡克, cotton 科顿, and the translators, wrote it. How realistic or materialistic in treatment of his subject, is how, Is / was, tensesSwift. He describes his fictitious