英汉文化中关于动物词汇的翻译及其喻义 ENGLISH AND CHINESE CULTURE ON ANIMAL WORDS IN TRANSLATION AND FIGURATIVE MEANINGAbstractIn the long course of the development of human history, animals usually keep a close relation with human beings and influence human existence and development deeply. The close relation results in human complex feelings of fondness, sympathy or hatred. Also, people often use animals to express their feelings. So many words about animals come into human languages. There are a lot of vocabularies with relation to animals in both English and Chinese culture. Words of the language reflect differences of cultural development. Because of the influence of cultural components in history, custom, pricing view, religion, and belief and so on, the two languages, Chinese and English, give their own connotations to animal words. This article is to compare the cultural similarities and differences in terms of animal words cultural backgrounds and their fundaments, and cultural connotations of animal words in English and Chinese. It also analyzes how to translate animal words between English and Chinese to help people do well in the cross-cultural communication smoothly and properly. Key Words: animal words; culture; translation; connotations; figurative meaning 摘 要在人类历史发展的漫长过程中，动物常与人类保持着密切的关系，并且深刻地影响着人类的生存与发展。这种密切的关系导致人类对动物有复杂的感情，如：喜爱、同情和厌恶。同样，人们也经常用动物来表达他们的感情。因此许多动物词汇进入了人类的语言中。在英汉文化中，有许多关于动物的词汇。语言反映了不同的文化发展。由于历史、习惯、价值观、宗教和信仰等等对文化成分的影响，使英汉两种语言赋予了他们自己的动物词汇内涵。本文就动物的文化背景中相似及不同之处，基本理论和英汉中动物词汇的文化内涵进行比较。同时，分析了怎样在英汉中翻译动物词汇，以帮助人们在跨文化交际时，能够顺利准确地表达。关键词：动物词汇；文化；翻译；内涵；比喻意义 CONTENTSIntroduction .11. Close Relationships between Animals and Human Beings.21.1 Influence of Animal Words in both Chinese and English Culture .21.2 Culture is Also Historical Phenomenon.21.3 English and Chinese are Rich in Animal Words.22. Same Animal Words as Association Vehicles .42.1 Animal Association Vehicles and Similar Figurative Meanings .42.2 Animal Association Vehicles and Different Figurative Meanings .52.2.1 Animal Words with Commendatory Figurative Meaning in Chinese and Derogatory Figurative Meaning in English. .52.2.2 Animal Words with Commendatory Figurative Meaning in English and Derogatory Figurative Meaning in Chinese .62.3 Teaching Method with Mother Tongue.82.4 Semantic Gaps .92.4.1 Same Animal Words with Rich Figurative Meanings in English and with No Figurative Meanings in Chinese .92.4.2 Same Animal Words with Rich Figurative Meanings in Chinese and with No Figurative Meanings in English.103. Influences of Figurative Meanings of Animal Words on Intercultural Communication.124. Translation of Animal Metaphors.134.1 Importance of Translation.134.2 Methods of Translation .134.2.1 Keeping Image of Animal Association Vehicles .134.2.2 Changing Image of Animal Association Vehicles .14 4.2.3 Discarding Image of Animal Association Vehicles .155. Conclusion .17Bibliography.18 1Introduction Human beings and animals are both the products of natural world, and in fact man had evolved between animals. But since human beings used language, there have existed some great differences between man and animals. Language, the result of human labor and social activities, is human specific, which is the major factor that distinguishes human beings from animals. In the long progress of human society, animals, which provide food and labor force for human, have been closely bound up with human existence and development. Their furs w