加缪论文：行走在荒诞与反抗之间【中文摘要】阿尔贝加缪(Albert Camus,1913-1960),法兰西伟大的存在主义作家,他关注人类的生存,生存的价值和存在的意义,并以一颗伟大的灵魂体认现实的荒诞,从死亡的角度来探求人类生存的终极意义。虽然明知人必有一死,但人类却希望通过来世的轮回承受“生命之重” 。加缪认为这种对未来的期许和现实生活的残酷构成了人生的荒诞。荒诞就是人、世界、人与世界的分离,这“三位一体”的关系也构成了加缪存在主义美学思想的理论核心。既然荒诞无处不在无时不有,且又无法消除,所以生存在荒诞之中的人,就不应对生活有过多的期望,而是要像西西弗斯一样用尽全力穷尽自我,勇敢地向命运挑战,并在同命运的较量过程中,获得人生的幸福和快乐。认识到生存的荒诞是一种清醒的智者见地,但意识到生存的荒诞并不意味着生命的结束,相反却是生命的开始,对此加缪指出反抗才是面对荒诞的最佳选择,但反抗并不是虚无主义也不是历史的革命,而是一种以古希腊思想为依托的有节制的反抗,因此,反抗要尊重普遍人性、讲求节制,力求达到人与世界的生存和谐。可以说加缪对人类生存状态的揭示,不在于他要告知人类现实生活的荒诞,而是通过荒诞宣誓一种真理:生存本身没有意义,但穷尽此在现实本身就是意义。【英文摘要】Albert Camus (Albert Camus, 1913-1960), the great French Existentialist, he expressed concern about the survival of human survival, and relevance. To a great understanding of the reality of the soul, from the death of absurd angle ultimate of human existence. People will die, but the human longing for eternal life, but through the afterlife of reincarnation to bear the weight of the “life.” This kind of future Expectations and Reality of cruel form the life of the absurd. Absurd is the people, world, man and the world of separation, the relationship between the “Trinity” constitutes a Camus exist aesthetics theoretical core. Since no absurdity is everywhere, and when there is not and cannot be eliminated, so the survival of the absurd, it should not have too many expectations, rather like Sisyphus as exhaustion exhaust self, boldly challenge the fate, and at the same destiny contest, get the life of happiness and joy.Recognizing the existence of the fantastic is a sober man informed, aware of the existence of absurdity does not mean the end of life, on the contrary it is the beginning of life, Camus pointed out that the revolt was faced with the absurdity of the best choice, but to resist and not nihilism is not a history of the revolution, but rather to an ancient Greece thought as the backing of moderate resistance, resistance to respect for universal human nature, emphasizing abstinence, committed to the survival of man and the world. It can be said Camus to reveal the absurdity of human existence, not that it should inform the human reality of life is absurd, but through the fantastic sworn a truth: survival is not meaningful in itself, but in the end this is the reality itself.【关键词】加缪 荒诞 反抗 存在主义美学【英文关键词】Camus Absurd Resistance Existentialism aesthetics【目录】行走在荒诞与反抗之间 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7 引言 10-12 第一章 加缪美学思想的理论缘起 12-16 第一节 加缪的生平与创作 12-14 第二节 加缪与存在主义哲学 14-16 第二章 加缪对人类生存状态的现代审视 16-32 第一节 救世基督的退隐 16-21 一、 “人必有一死”的现实 16-19 二、 “渴望永生”的虚幻 19-21 第二节 存在的体验 21-25 一、荒诞的表征 21-23 二、荒诞的本真之维 23-25 第三节 此在生存的智者 25-32 一、 “默尔索”式的孤独与冷漠 25-27 二、 “卡利古拉”式的残酷与无情 27-29 三、 “西西弗斯”式的自由与超越 29-32 第三章 面对荒诞的抉择：反抗 32-44 第一节 不完善的反抗 32-34 一、个体意识的“思想” 33-34 二、历史上的行动 34 第二节 加缪式的反抗 34-40 一、人性的尊重 35-36 二、节制与中道 36-38 三、爱与幸福 38-40 第三节 反抗的人：“我反抗，故我存在” 40-44 一、遗世独立的“局外人” 40-41 二、集体喧嚣的“鼠疫” 41-44 结语 44-45 注释 45-47 参考文献 47-49 致谢 49-50