1英语的句子成分和五种基本句型及 there be 句型一、S + V （主语不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如 come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall 等。如：Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？ No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why dont you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。 He _ _. 2. 昨晚你睡得好吗？ Did you _ _ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。The rain _ _ two hours. . 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait( )7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home. A. rain B. is raining C. rained D. has rained( )8. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday? Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playing B. was playing C. has played D. will play( )9. What did your father say just now? Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talking B. talk C. was talking D. have talked ( )10. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was following B. will go; follow C. will go; followed D. go; will follow二、S + V + P（主语系动词表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有 be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem 等。如：All her friends are now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。翻译下面的汉语句子。1. 他感到有点累。_2. 这听起来是个好主意。_3. 海伦在家吗？_三、S + V + O（主语及物动词宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：Hes having lunch. 他正在吃午餐。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。2. 找出下列句子的宾语。1. He handed in his homework this morning. 2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim.3. He forgot which way to go. 4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 5. Ill do what I can. . 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _ _ _ Beijing.10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I dont remember _ the accident _.四、S + V + IO + DO（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）有些及物动词，如 hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tell, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 2. 及物动词+ 直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me her telephone number. 2. Bring me some water, please. 3. Ill make you some fresh tea. 4. He sang us a folk song. 5. She showed me her paintings. . 将下列句子改为同义句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me. 【温馨提示】某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为 to 引导的短语，这类动词有 give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email 等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us? 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为 for 引导的短语，如 buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay 等。My uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing 形式等充当。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。 I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做一些练习题。3. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1. They call their daughter Mary. 2. Dont leave me behind. 3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy. . 翻译下面的汉语句子。6. 他们请我和他们一道去。_7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。_8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？_六、there be 句型there be 句型主要用来表示“某地有某物或某人”。如果 be 动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be 动词的选用需要遵循 “就近原则”。如：There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。此句型有时不用 be 动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等。如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is /are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 巩固练习：. 单项选择( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week. A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be ( ) 3. There _ to be something wrong with him. A. is B. was C. seems D. are ( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent there( ) 5. There _ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. A. was B. were C. have been D. are . 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard. 7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。_ _ _ _