北京大学版 博士生综合英语 Unit 41Unit Four Text: The Many Faces of the FutureSamuel P. Huntington1. elite: n (常作贬义 ) social group considered to be the best or most important because of their power, talent, wealth, etc （由于有权力、 才能、 财富等）被视为最好的或最重要的社会集团; 精英; 尖子: the ruling, scientific elite 掌权的、 科学方面的精英 | an elite force, regiment 精锐部队、 团.-All the glamorous Washington elite were at the dinner that evening.-Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this school.-The Parachute Regiment are the elite of the British armed forces.-The President has been accused of developing policies in favor of a small elite.2. scenario: pl. scenarios C, n (pl s) 1（电影、 戏剧等的）脚本、 剧情概要等. 2 imagined sequence of future events 想像中的未来事情的顺序: a possible scenario for war 战争中可能出现的情况.-Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job. possible/likely/plausible/worst-case/nightmare scenario -Under a likely scenario, world population will double by 2050.-The worst-case scenario was that he would have to have an operation.More Examples: -A common scenario is that a woman marries and sacrifices her career for her husband.-In a worst-case scenario all life on the planet would be wiped out by a nuclear war.-This is every politicians nightmare scenario.-Under the most hopeful scenario, it will take 20 years to clean up the mess.3. fad: n something that is fashionable for a short time; =craze; fashion, interest, preference, enthusiasm, etc that is not likely to last 流行的时尚、 爱好、 狂热等: -Will Tom continue to collect stamps or is it only a passing fad? 汤姆还在集邮呢, 还是热劲已过?-Interest in organic food is not a fad, its here to stay.-Is blogging a fad? -They know this is just another fad.-This is not simply a passing fad. faddish: =faddy, intensely fashionable for a short time, 风行的，时尚的，流行的 faddist：a person who subscribes to a variety of fads4. recipient: n (of sth) person who receives sth 接受者.-The federal Family Support Act of 1988 required many welfare recipients to participate in education, training, or work.-Three minutes later, the computer prints out a list of 60 names of suitable recipients, together with their relevant data.5. gadget: n small mechanical device or tool 小机械; 小器具: a complicated new gadget for opening tins 复杂的新开罐器. -A sales assistant was demonstrating several kitchen gadgets to a crowd of shoppers.-He showed her several electronic gadgets, such as a watch that you can use as a phone.-Its a clever little gadget which you can use to cut vegetables into attractive shapes. gadgetry: n U小机械, 小器具（统称）:lots of modern gadgetry 很多现代化的小机械.-I dont understand how all this electronic gadgetry works.-The gadgetry is impressive but what are its human applications?6. antagonistic: adj to/towards sb/sth showing or feeling antagonism; hostile; averse 对抗的; 敌对的: 同义词： hostile, adverse, opposed, resistant-Hes always antagonistic towards new ideas. 他总是抗拒新思想。- A lot of people refuse to work with Paula. Her manner is just too antagonistic.-I cant understand why hes being so antagonistic.-The right wing press has always been deeply antagonistic towards the Labour party.-Why are Kate and John so antagonistic towards each other? antagonist: n person who actively opposes sb/sth; adversary 对抗者 ; 对手; 敌手同义词： adversary, competitor, contestant, enemy, foe, opponent, rival-In the fluctuating combination and recombination of groups, old friends and old antagonists come across one another in shifting social contexts.-Yet, on the whole, the rich man remains the natural antagonist of the poor.7. nave: adj natural, innocent; unaffected 自然而天真的, 不做作的; credulous 轻信的 , 缺少经验、 智慧或判断力的: 同义词： childlike, green, credulous, gullible, innocent, simple-You werent so naive as to believe him, were you? 你没有轻易相信他, 是吧? -He held onto the naive belief that Marxism would solve all the worlds problems.-I was so naive - I believed everything the military told me.-Were not naive anymore like we were in the 60s.- It would be naive to think that this could solve all the areas problems straight away. naively (also navely): adv. I had naively imagined 北京大学版 博士生综合英语 Unit 42that he was in love with me. naivety (also navety, navete): n 天真; 天真的言语、举动等. | dangerous political naivety8. arrogance: when someone behaves in a rude way because they think they are very importantSynonyms： conceit, conceitedness, disdain, loftiness, presumption, pride, self-esteem, vanity arrogant: adj proud, superior 傲慢的; 自大的: an arrogant tone of voice 傲慢的口气 -Its arrogant of you to assume youll win every time. Synonyms: assuming, conceited, contemptuous, disdainful, lofty, presumptuous, proud, scornful, self-conceited, self-important9. dissemination: n. disseminate: v spread (ideas, beliefs, etc) widely 散布, 广为传播（思想、 信仰等）: Synonyms: circularize, circulate, disperse, distribute, pass around, scatter, spread-They use the press to disseminate right-wing views. 他们利用报刊来传播右翼观点。-Her