1基本句型英语句子成分的排列顺序与汉语不同。汉语放在前面的，英语可能要放在后面；而汉语放后面的，英语可能放在前面。即使是同样一句话，如果用词不同，句中的次序也会有变化。比如， “我每天骑自行车上学” ，可以表达为 I go to school by bike every day. 也可以表达为I ride to school every day. 如果用图表分析一下，我们会看得更清楚：这三个语句除了行为者I的位置没有变化外，其它都发生了变化，并且由于“上学”表达方式的不同，在句中的位置也发生了变化。句子成分详解一览表及巧记口诀句子成分 意义及位置 充当词类 例句主语The Subject表示句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事” 。通常在句子前部。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.谓语The Predicate说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么样” 。通常在主语后（除疑问、倒装句外） 。由动词或动词词组充当。Time tries all thing.(时间检验一切）Lucy is dancing under the tree.Her parents are both workers.宾语The Object表示动作、行为的对象。在及物动词或介词后。 同主语的充当词 类Love me, love my dog. (爱屋及乌）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表语The Predicate与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分、说明主语的性质、特征。常在系动词之后。同主语的充当词类His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yesterday.Health is wealth. (健康就是财富。 ）我 每天 骑自行车 上学。I go to school by bike every day.I ride to school every day.2句子成分 学记口诀主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无。一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. He wants to finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.定语The Attribute用来修饰名词或代词。单个词常在修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰的词之后。形、代、数、名、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。 ）状语The Attribute修饰动词、形容词、副词，表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。位置较灵活。通常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。Our teacher works very hard.She often helps Mike.They had a meeting in Shanghai.宾语补足语The Object Complement宾语的补足语，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓”关系。在宾语后。由形容词、名词、介词短语等充当。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位语The Appostive重复指代并进一步说明名词及名词性词语。在被修饰词后。名词、名词性短语、从句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.39. He found it important to master English.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14. He noticed（注意到） a man enter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型基本句型一： S 十 V 主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,eg: 这只小狗已经死了。_谓语部分句型种类 主语谓语动词 表语 宾语 宾补1. S + Vi.主语+不及物动词 Birds fly.2. S + Vi. + O主语+及物动词+宾语 He plays the piano.3. S + V. + P主语+系动词+表语 Weare(系动词） friends.4. S + Vt. + InO + Do主语+及物动词+间接宾语+ 直接宾语I gave him a pen（间宾） （直宾）5. S + Vi. + O + Oc主语+及物动词+宾语+ 宾语补足语 Tom made me cry.41. 主语 + 不及物动词（ + 状语）状语 主语 不及物动词 状语（In 2003,) The first book came out in 2003We didnt go to the cinema yesterday.Last week, I went to Guilin for my holiday.2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （+ 状语）状语 主语 及物动词 宾语 状语（Yesterday) I bought a very good book yesterday.My father loves pictures of cars.Every morning my mother prepares breakfast for meHe wrote a book in senior high school.基本句型二: S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构常见的系动词有：be(是)； get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem( 似乎)A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。1. We should _ _ any time. B. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。2. 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：3. Spring comes. It is _. 5春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。4. Dont have the food. _.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （+ 状语）主语 系动词 表语 状语These books are great.Tom is very happy today.基本句型三: S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构我昨天看了一部电影。_.They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四: S 十 V 十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write 等。 间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有： buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏)， sing,等。 Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。这种句型还可转换为： 动词 直接宾语 for/ to sb. Please show me your picture. =Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。 I _ _the salt. = I _the salt _ _. 我把书递给他。 4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （+ 状语）6状语 主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语His hobby has brought him enjoyment.My father bought me a very good bike On my birthday.Last week, my aunt sent me a box of chocolate.基本句型五: S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）, choose（选）, find（发现）, make, name, (命名 )Keep _, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。They painted _ _ _. 他们把门漆成绿色。 We must _ _ _ _. 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。 He asked me _ _ _ soon. 他要我早点回来。注意：动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch 等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带 to。如：25）The boss _ _ _