遗传学与分子生物学系,Molucular BiologyLu Shermin (吕社民)Tel: 82657764Email:lusheminmail.xjtu.edu.cn,遗传学与分子生物学系,Lecture I: Introduction Of Molecular Biology,Definition, Goal and ScopeFundamentalsA brief historyMethodology of Molecular BiologyRole in Medical sciencesprospective,遗传学与分子生物学系,DefinitionAn elusive term, More than one definitionStudy life (biology) in molecular levelStudy gene structure and function at the molecular level.Grew out of the disciplines of genetics and biochemistry.Hybrid discipline BiochemistryGeneticsMolecular BiologyBiophysics,遗传学与分子生物学系,GoalTo understand the five basic cell behavior patterns (growth, division, specialization, movement, and interaction) in terms of various molecules that are responsible for them,遗传学与分子生物学系,ScopeStructure and function of Nucleotides and proteinStructure and function of genomeGene proliferation, expression, regulation and biological functionInteraction between biological macromolecules Intra and intermolecular signal transductionTechnology of molecular biology,遗传学与分子生物学系,Scope of Medical Molecular BiologyMolecular mechanism of cellular growth, differentiation and Senescence in human beingMolecular basis of proliferation and its regulation of human cellsMolecular Biology of three regulatory systems (nervous, endocrine and immune systems) in human bodyRelationship between abnormality of gene structure, regulation with etiopathogenesis of human diseasesGene diagnosis and gene therapy in terms of theory and technology of molecular biologyDrug discovery and health care in terms of theory and technology of molecular biology,遗传学与分子生物学系,Lecture I: Introduction Of Molecular Biology,Definition, Goal and ScopeFundamentalsA brief historyMethodology of Molecular BiologyRole in Medical sciencesprospective,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,“Weak” Interactions,Chemical bonds (covalent) have energies of 101-2 kcal/mole. STRONGWeak interactionsHydrogen bonds 5 kcal/moleVan der Waals interactions 1 kcal/mole“Hydrophobic” interactionsLess classifiable, a consequence of other forces,遗传学与分子生物学系,Hydrophobic interactions,Polar materials (water) on balance have attractive intermolecular forces.Nonpolar materials have no particular tendency to associate.Result: Nonpolar materials within an aqueous compartment associate because they are excluded by the mutually attractive forces between the molecules of the medium,遗传学与分子生物学系,Nucleotides,BaseSugar (Base + Sugar = Nucleoside)Phosphate (Nucleoside + phosphate = Nucleotide),遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,遗传学与分子生物学系,Lecture I: Introduction Of Molecular Biology,Definition, Goal and ScopeFundamentalsA brief historyMethodology of Molecular BiologyRole in Medical sciencesprospective,Gregor Mendel (1822-1884),MAURICE H. F. WILKINS (1916-),ROSALIND E. FRANKLIN (1920-1958),Linus Carl Pauling (1901-1994),Oswald Theodore Avery (1877-1955),遗传学与分子生物学系,A brief history (time line) 1839 Schleiden & Schwann Cell theory 1859 Darwin:1865 Mendel: Genetics1869 Miescher: discovered DNA1902 SuttenChromosome1910,1916 Morgan: gene are on chromosomes1944 Avery:identified DNA as the material genes are made of 1953 Watson Crick：DNA structure1958 Meselson & Stahl:semiconservative replication of DNA1961 Jacob et al: discovered mRNA1972 Berg: recombinant DNA in vitro1973 Cohen: first used plasmid to clone DNA1977 Gilbert & Sanger: sequence1986 Mullis: PCR1990 Watson et al: Lauched the HGP1997 Wilmut:Dolly1998- Bioinformatics,Proteomes(ome),遗传学与分子生物学系,Major Achievements of Molecular Biology after 70sDNA polymerase dependent on RNA (Reverse transcription)Tool enzymes (restrictive endonuclease, DNA ligase, etc)Split geneDNA SequencingMAb RibozymesPCRGene regulationTransgenic organismDNA recombination in intro and in vivo (gene therapy)HGPiRNAProteomicsHapmap (SNPs)BioinformaticsSystems biology,遗传学与分子生物学系,Lecture I: Introduction Of Molecular Biology,Definition, Goal and ScopeFundamentalsA brief historyMethodology of Molecular BiologyRole in Medical sciencesprospective,遗传学与分子生物学系,Physical and chemical approaches_Ultracentrifuge*20sSize and shape of molecule in centrifugal fieldElectrophoresis* 30s separation of protein and nucleic acids based on size and/or charge in electric fieldElectron Microscope30sdirectly visualization of cellar ultra-structure, including DNARadioisotope tracers*40stracking flow of molecule through a metabolic pathwayX-ray diffraction*50sprovides precise measurement of 3-D structure of protein and nucleic acidAmino acid analysis*50s determination of order of amino acid in proteinNucleic acid hybridization 60squantitative assessment of similarity of RNAs or DNAsRecombinant DNA *70sgenetic engineering of novel genes-* Denotes associated with Nobel Prize,