护理学基础技术Basic Nursing skills,1、Aseptic Technique 无菌技术2、Injection 注射法 Intradermic Injection 皮内注射 Hypodermic Injection 皮下注射 Intramuscular Injection 肌内注射 Intravenous Injection 静脉注射3、Intravenous Infusion 输液法,Focus on nursing skills practice, except for the practice class,need more exercise during spare time.,Requirement,Requirements of practice in class,1、Dress: Wear uniform 、cap and mask2、Each group leader remind the last one to close the door and window, turn off air condition.3、Everyone has the responsibility for the care of items in your group, report in time when broken and compensate for it。Put everything in their own place after practicing.,1、Dress: the same mentioned above2、Getting into other Labs is forbidden3、Put everything in their own place after practicing.3、Clean and tidy up the Lab,Requirements of practice in spare time,Time: 2010.9.19-21Attentions for exam:1.Late for class(less than 30mins)： 5 points off each time2.Late for class(more than 30mins )or absent from class ：10 points off each time3.The eligibility of exam will be cancel if absent from real practice of injection.,Exam,Aseptic Technique,School of Nursing Department of Fundamentals of Nursing Zhou-kexiong 周克雄,无菌技术,Teaching Objectives1. Understanding the concept: Aseptic technique Aseptic supply Non-aseptic supply Aseptic field Non-aseptic field2. Elaborating the principles of aseptic technique 3. Applying aseptic techniques correctly and memorizing the precautions 教学目标 1、说出下列概念：无菌技术 无菌物品 非无菌物品 无菌区域 非无菌区域 2、阐述无菌技术的操作原则 3、正确实施操作技术并牢记操作注意事项,ConceptAseptic technique is used to prevent microorganisms from invading human beings, sterile articles and sterile fields from being contaminated during medical procedures and nursing interventions.,概 念 无菌技术是指在医疗、护理操作过程中，防止一切微生物侵入人体和防止无菌物品、无菌区域被污染的技术。,Aseptic supply(无菌物品) are the articles which have been sterilized physically or chemically. Non-aseptic supply (非无菌物品) are the articles which have not been sterilized or these aseptic articles which were been contaminated.Aseptic field(无菌区域) is a sterilized field which has not been contaminated.Non-aseptic field (非无菌区域) is a non-sterilized field or a field sterilized but contaminated again.,无菌物品,经过物理或化学灭菌处理的物品。,无菌区域,经过灭菌处理后未被污染的区域。,非无菌物品（或区域）,未经灭菌处理或虽经过灭菌处理但又被污染的物品（或区域）。,Principle of Aseptic Technique无菌技术操作原则,1.The surroundings should be clean30 minutes before the aseptic procedures, stop cleaning the surroundings and minimize moving to prevent dust from floating.(2) Disinfect the surroundings with ultraviolet radiation(3) The field where the aseptic technique is operated should be clean, roomy and dry.,（一）环境清洁,1、无菌操作前半小时停止卫生清扫 工作，减少走动。2、治疗室、处置室、病室每日进行 紫外线消毒。3、操作区域要清洁、宽敞、干燥。,2. Doctor and nurse should put on uniform Put on cap and mask, trim fingernails and wash hands before aseptic procedures, don aseptic gloves if it is necessary.,（二）着装整洁,操作前必须： 洗手, 戴口罩、帽子，修剪指甲；必要时戴手套。,3. Maintenance of aseptic supply (1)Place aseptic articles and non-aseptic articles separately. (2)Keep aseptic articles in sterile containers or sterile packages. (3)Once taken out of the container or package, aseptic article can not be put back even having never been used. (4)There is a label (with the name and sterile date) on the container or package.Expiration date is 7 days. If it comes to the expiry date or the package is wet, re-sterilize it.,（三）无菌物品的保管,1、无菌物品、非无菌物品分开放置。2、无菌物品应置于无菌容器或无菌包中。3、无菌物品一旦取出即使未用也不可放回。4、无菌物品必须注明名称、灭菌日期。 效期为1周。过期或受潮的无菌物品应 重新灭菌。,4.Applying aseptic technique correctly (1)Keep away from the aseptic field (about 20-30cm) during procedures.(2)Use sterile transfer forceps or tissue forceps to fetch sterile item. (3)Keep hands,arms and sterile item above the waist level. (4)Do not touch sterile item or field with non-sterile item, hand or forearm. (5)Do not reach across sterile field.(6)Non-sterile item or potential contaminated item is inhibited during aseptic procedures.(7)A set of aseptic supply is only used once upon a client.,（四）正确实施无菌技术操作,1、身体与无菌区域保持一定距离。2、取用无菌物品时必须用无菌持物钳。3、手臂、无菌物品保持在腰部水平以上。4、未经消毒的用物、手、手臂不可触及无菌物品。 5、不可跨越无菌区。6、污染或疑有污染的物品不可使用。7、一份无菌物品，只供一位病人使用。,Aseptic Techniques, Applying Sterile Transfer Forceps 无菌持物钳的使用 Applying Sterile Container 无菌容器的使用 Using Sterile Package 无菌包的使用 Preparing Sterile Therapeutic Tray 无菌盘的准备 Pouring Sterile Solution 取用无菌溶液法 Donning and Taking off Sterile Gloves 戴、脱无菌手套法, Applying Sterile Transfer Forceps 无菌持物钳的使用【Purpose】 To fetch or transfer sterile article 【Equipment】 (1)Kinds of Transfer Forceps : Three-forked forceps(三叉钳) Transfer forceps(持物钳) Long and short tissue forceps (长短、镊),