定语从句,定语从句-,啥叫定语:修饰方式也啥叫从句啥叫定语从句,定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： Mary is a beautiful girl. The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk.,拆分法,拆分法拆、找、合,一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。找：找同一字翻译句子 the girl is having class; the girl wears glasses根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词the girl wears glasseswho合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去The girl who wears glasses is having class,拆分法学定语从句,这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜The student is having dinner, the student wears glasses找: the student wears glasses-who合: The student who wears glasses is having dinner 我们用我05年买的电脑拆：We use the computer, I bought the computer in 2005.找： I bought the computer in 2005.which合； We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005.,我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友1 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，2 我以前在上海交朋友I met the friend on the street. I made the friend in Shanghai.Who/Whom I made in Shanghai.I met the friend who I made in Shanghai on the street,Join two sentences into one: The boy is my brother. He helped me.,1. The boy who helped me is my brother.,The film is interesting. They saw it last night.,2. The film they saw last night is interesting.,The students will not pass the exam. They dont work hard.,3.The students who dont work hard will not pass the exam.,定语从句用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面。1. The students (who dont study hard) will not pass 先行词 定语从句the exam.主句:,The students will not pass the exam.,2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our 先行词 定语从句English teacher.主句:,The woman is our English teacher.,从句的主语：,you,从句的宾语：,whom,3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes).主句：,A shoe shop is a shop.,从句的主语:,which,4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.主句从句的主语: 从句的宾语：,The book is on the desk.,you,that,引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which,whowhom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room.,主语,I lost the book( that/which ) you gave me).,宾语,归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which,指物，作主语或宾语。 who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1) A plane is a machine _ can fly.2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students _ dont study hardwill not pass the exam.4) The woman _ you saw inthe park is our English teacher.5) He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school.,which/that,which/that/ / /,who/that,whom/that/ / /,that,判断下列引导词在句中的用法,Eg:1.He is such a man who never tells a lie. 2. He is the model worker whom/who we should learn from. 3. A dictionary is a book which often helps us to know the meanings of the words. 4. This is the film which I like best. 5. The boy whose father is a professor is one of my best friends.,指代、所作成分、是否可省略,1. That book that you want it is on the desk.,2. Is this factory that we visited last week?,the one,This factory is the one that we visited last week?,3. He is the person for whom you are looking.,for,4. The person to whom you talked is Lily.,The person whom you talked to is Lily.归纳：1定语从句要避免成分重复 2定语从句要避免漏用先行词 3含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,第三部分：that问题,关系代词which和that的区别：,A.关系代词必须用that的情形：,This is the best film that I have ever seen.The first man arrived at the class was our headteacher.This is the only ticket that I got yesterday.This is the very book that Im looking for.Is there anything that I can do for you?All that you have to do is to press the button.There is no time that we can waste.The car and its driver that knocked down the old lady have been taken to the police station.,有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which,定语从句中需注意事项（一）,从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或 序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句.This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.,2. 先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that.Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.,先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.,先行词是one of,the one, 或用much, little, few, no, any 作修饰，用that Is it the one that you want ?We havent got much that you can offer us.,当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?,Summarize: 只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况,1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。,2）先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。,3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.,4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。,5）先行词既有人又有物时。,B.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用which,This is the question about which weve had so much discussion.,Fill in the gaps:1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frightenme.6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree?7.My hometown is not the same one _ it usedto be twenty years ago.,