Journal ofEnergy and Power Engineering 8(2014)94102 SMART：The First Licensed Advanced I nteg ral Reactor Keung Koo Kim，Wonj ae Lee，Shun Choi，Hark Rho Kim and Jaej oo Ha Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute，Daeduckdaero 989-，1 1，Yuseongku，Daejeon 305353，Korea Received：April 23，2013Accepted：August 12，2013Published：January 3 1，2014 Abstract：SMART fsystemintegrated modular advanced reactor)is a smal1sized advanced integral reactor with a rated thermal power of 330 MWIt can produce l 00 MW of electricity or 90 MW of electricity and 40，000 t of desalinated water concurrently，which is sufficient for l 00000 residentsSMART technology is a sensible mixture of new innovative design features and proven technologies through a PWRThe enhancement of safety and reliability is realized by incorporating inherent safety features and reliable passive safety systemsThe improvement in the economics is achieved through system simplificationcomponent modularization，construction time reductionand increased plant availabilityAI1 technologies and design features implemented into SMART have been proven in industries andor qualified through the SMART design verification program including comprehensive test and experimentsThe full scope of the safety analyses carried out to confirm that the inherent safetyimprovement design characteristics and safety systems of SMART ensure reactor safetyAfter a thorough licensing review，SDA(standard design approva1)for SMART was granted on July 4th， 20 l 2 bv the Korea NSSC(Nuclear Safety and Security Commission)This marks the first license for an integral-type reactor in the worldThis paper presents the SMART characteristics safety features and technology validationThe licensing process of SMART is also described Key words：SMR，advanced technology，passive safety system，technology validation，standard design，SMART 1Intr0ductiOn After nuclear power generation became established in the 1 950s，the size of reactor units has grown from 60 MWe to more than 1，600 MWe，with corresponding economies of scale during operationMost nuclear power plants currently available on the market are large-sized plants requiring a large initial investment and a long construction periodTherefore，only a select number of countries can afford to utilize nuclear energy However，most countries operate smallsized power plants for their electricity supplyand 965of the 1 27，000 power plants currently operating in the world are under 300 MWe1These countries can not deploy large-sized nuclear power plants partly owing to the high capital cost and small electricity grids2】 Therefore，several countries including Korea have Corresp0nding author：Keung Koo Kim，SMART Project Manager，research fields：SMR design and reactor dynamic analysisEmail：kkkimkaerirekr entered into a race to develop small-sized reactors that can be built independently or as modules within a larger complex，with capacity added incrementally as requiredThe economies of scale are provided by the numbers producedSmall units are seen as a much more manageable investment than large onesThe KAERI(Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute) started developing SMART in 1 997，aiming to export it to countries with small electric grids and water supply issues3，4】 SMART is a smallsized integral type PWR with a rated thermal power of 330 MWt，which adopts a sensible mixture of new innovative design features and proven technologies aimed at achieving highly enhanced safety and improved economicsThe design features contributing to safety enhancement are basically inherent safety improvement and passive safety featuresEconomic improvement features include system simplification， component modularization， onshop fabrication and site SMART：The First Licensed Advanced Integral Reactor installation and other features reducing the construction time Advanced design features implemented into SMART should be proven or qualified through experience，testing，or analysis，and if possible，the equipment should be designed according to the applicable approved standardsFor the last 1 5 yearsSMARTspecific design methodologies and a computer code system have been built together through a series of validation experiments and equipment verificationsFrom 2009 to 20 1 2，the SMART Technology Validation and the Standard Design Approval Project were carried outAfter one and half years of intensive licensing reviewthe SDA f0r SMART was officially issued on July 4th20 1 2 bv the NSSCin compliance with Article l 2 ofthe Nuclear Safety ActThis is the first license for an integral reactor in the world 2SMART Design Goal From the beginning stage of the SMART development，toplevel requirements for safety and economics were imposed for the SMART design features as shown in Table 1Salty enhancement and economic improvement are the most important considerationsThe safety requirements of SMART were top-tiered based on the core damage frequency per reactor year，which