Let Science Change Our World,Scientists:,Alexander Bell electricity Thomas Edison the First telephoneWright Brothers the electric LampMadame Curie black holes in UniverseFranklin Theory of GravitySteven Hawking the First PlaneElbert Einstein RadiumIsaac Newton the Theory of Relativity,Scientists & Contributions:,Do you know?,1. Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,Archimedes,Ancient Greek (287-212BC),A mathematician,Charles Darwin,2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?,the Origin of Species,“father of modern biology”,Do you know?,3. Who invented the first steam engine?,Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s,Do you know?,Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822- 1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity(遗传学) and inherited (继承,承传) characteristics. Between1856- 1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants.,4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?,Do you know?,5. Who discovered radium?,6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?,7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?,Maries Curie,Thomas Edison,Leonardo da Vinci,Do you know?,Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778- 1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous(含氮的) oxide(氧化物) (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic (麻醉剂). In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.,8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?,Do you know?,Zhang Heng, Chinese (78- 139) He invented the first seismograph(测震 仪、地震仪) to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder(圆筒形) with eight dragonheads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth.,9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,seismograph,Do you know?,10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?,Stephen Hawking,Do you know?,Do you know John Snow?,a famous doctor in London.,What happened to them?,It infects peoples intestines(肠道), causing diarrhoea(腹泻), vomiting(呕吐) and dehydration(脱水),Many deaths in African countries in 2005and even now,5oo deaths in 10 days in 1854 in London.,Lets get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage:,John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”,Draw a conclusion(得出结论)Think of a method(找出研究方法)Collect results(收集材料)Make up a question(形成研究主题)Find a problem(发现问题)Analyse results(分析材料)Find supporting evidence(找出支持观点的证据),John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”,Steps of a scientific research,draw a conclusion,find a problem,make up a question,think of a method,collect results,analyse the results,find supporting evidence,Match them,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Para 6,Para 7,draw a conclusion,find a problem,make up a question,think of a method,collect results,analyse the results,find supporting evidence,Para 1,Para 2,Para 3,Para 4,Para 5,Para 6,para 7,What is the problem?,Cholera was the most _ disease of its day. Neither its _ nor its _was understood. So many terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.,What caused cholera?,Step 1 : find a problem,deadly,cause,cure,How to solve the problem?How to control cholera?,What is the question?,Which theory is correct?,Step 2 : make a question,theory 1,theory 2,Cholera multiplied in the air & floated around,People absorbed the disease into their body with their meals.,What is the best method?,Collect date/ Gather information,Step 3 : think of a method,When: _Where: _ Deaths: _,1854,500P./ 10D.,two particular streets,An outbreak hit London,Step 4 : collect results,Broad Street,Many deaths happened here.,No death happened here.,The water from the pump was to blame.,What happened to the pump water?,Cholera was spread by _ not in a cloud of _.,Step 5 : analyse the results,Look into the _ of the water for these two streets. source: _ watermeasures: _ the handle result: the disease _ _.,source,polluted,remove,germs,gas,slowed down,What extra evidence did he find?,Step 6 : find supporting evidence,two other deaths,A woman and her daughter who lived far away but drank the water also died of cholera.,draw a conclusion with certainty,The polluted water carried the disease.,What is his suggestion?,Step 7 : draw a conclusion,He suggested that the source of all the water supplies should be _. He instructed the water companies not to _ people to polluted water.,examined,“King Cholera” was defeated,