Optical Transceivers,Author: Sujing2010.08.05,Definition and Function,Optical module is the device which converter cooper signal to optical signal, and vice versa. It is the main device in optical telecommunication.,Optical telecommunication system,Standard digital optical system,The most simply optical system,Optical Transceivers Survey:,A optical module combined by 3 parts: OSA,electronic device and optical connector. 光发射部分由驱动电路、控制电路（如APC、ATC) 、光源三部分构成，具有发射禁止和监视输出等功能。 光接收部分主要由PIN-TIA前放组件和主放电路两部分组成，并具有无光告警(LOS)功能。,Telecommunication net,？,FTTX, FTTH ，FTTP,Fiber-to-the-x （FTTx ） (FTTx, x = H for home, P for premises, C for curb and N for node or neighborhood),Classification,by transmission medium Single mode transceiver Multi mode transceiver,Fiber structure,The main contain of fiber is high purity SiO2. And with some other materials with very few quantity, in order to enhance the reflection.,Multimode Fiber,Two standard of Multimode fiber is 62.5/125 m and 50/125 m；62.5&50 refers to the diameter of ferrules. 125 refers the diameter with coating.Multimode fiber only use on less capacity and short distance transmission.,Singlemode Fiber,When Ferrules diameter is between 510m(9/125), the fiber can only allow one method transmission, so SM fiber not has the problem of Chromatic dispersion, it specially use in higher capacity and long distance transmission.,Transmission form of SM and MM fiber,graded index multimode fiber,step Index multimode fiber,SM Fiber,Transceiver Principle map,Transmitter,PECL input（low speed）CML input（high speed）,Laser modulator,Temp compensation electricity circuit,Data input,Laser,Laser driver and APC Electricity circuit,Vcc,DDM,Monitory input/output,Receiver,LPF,Restriction amplifier,Signal electricity circuit,PD,Data output,DDM,PECLbuffer,First put,buffer,Types of Transceiver,By package: 1X9、SFF、GBIC、SFP、SFP+、XFP、X2、XENPAK、PON.,Products： SFP,SFP-Small Form Factor Pluggable, also named mini-GBIC. The advantage of SFP is hot pluggable, small size, and metal casing.,Products：19,Plastic casing, 9 PIN on the bottom, mainly use on the production of Media converter and VDO multiplexor.,SFF,Small Form Factor , metal casing, 2x5 or 2x10 PIN on the bottom, mainly use on SDH, SONET, fast Ethernet and Fiber Channel.,GBIC,Gigabit Interface Converter, metal casing, mainly use on Gigabit Ethernet switch, hot pluggable.,XFP,10 Gigabit Small Form Factor Pluggable，Metal casing, hot pluggable, applicants in 10G optical telecommunication.,X2,X2, Metal casing, hot pluggable. 10G Ethernet.,XENPAK,XENPAK: Metal casing, hot pluggable, 10G Ethernet.,PON,PON-passive optical network. There are EPON and GPON；EPON based on IEEE802.3ah，GPON based on ITU-TG.984. So far EPON is mature and GPON is still in developing, (GEPON is EPON),PON,ONU,OLT,ONU is optical net unit, is end user device, OLT is optical line terminal, is bureau unit.,GPON: Gigabit PON; EPON: Ethernet PONGE-PON: Gigabit Ethernet PON,PON Application,PON: Passive Optical NetworksAPON: ATM PON;BPON: Broadband PON;,Internal structure of transceivers,SFP,XFP,Types of SFP (2),By optical port. Dual fiber SFP,BIDI SFP, Copper SFP,Dual fiber SFP,Dual LC connectorEach fiber need both on TX and RXMost popular.,BIDI SFP,Single LC or SC connectorSave fiberTX and RX has two different wavelength (usually 1310/1550 and 1550/1310)Must be pairs(1550Tx/1310Rx& 1310Tx/1550Rx),Copper SFP,Single RJ45 portsUTP Cable transmission.,Types of SFP,By DDM With DDM Without DDMDDM=Digital Diagnostic Monitoring DDM SFP and No DDM SFP are same looking from interface. Only differ in internal electricity circuits.,DDM No DDM SFP CAN NOT upgrade to DDM SFP,DDM,DDM information,EEPROM,Optical sub materials,TX side：LED、VCSEL、FP、DFB、 CWDM、DWDM,EML.DMLRX side：PIN-TIA、APD,TOSA (TX optical sub-assembly),TX OSA,(VCSEL： Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser):850nm, Short Reach(FP ：Fabry-Perot)Laser:1310nm，Intermediate Reach(DFB ：Distributed Feedback ) Laser:1310nm and 1550nm,Long Reach,ROSA Type,RX OSA,(PIN：“ p - type”-intrinsic- “n-type” ):Cheaper and Easier(APD：Avalanche Photo Diode): More sensitive,OSA Structure,耦合,Fiber Connectors,LC,SC,FC,ST,LC-LC,SC-SC,BIDI materials, BOSA,Pluggable,Pigtails,MSA-多源协议 -指定电接口和机械接口的定义,GBIC MSA (SFF-8053 Rev 5.5) SFF MSA SFP MSA SFF-8472 Rev 9.3 (Digital Diagnostic) XFP MSA (SFF-8077i Rev4.0) XENPAK MSA 300-PIN MSA (Edition 4),指定电接口和机械接口的定义,Gigabit Ethernet protocol -definite optical port, IEEE 802.3-2002(General) IEEE 802.3ah (E-PON) IEEE 802.3ab (10/100/1000Base-T) IEEE 802.3ae (10GE),同步数字系统与同步光纤网络协议 -指定光接口定义,ITU-T G.957 (STM-1,STM-4,STM-16 SDHoptical interface) ITU-T G.958 (SDH system basic, includingjitter requirement) ITU-T G.691 (10G SDH, STM-64) ITU-T G.959 (OTN) Telcodia GR-253 (SONET:SYNCHRONOUSOptical Networks),